AN INTRODCTION TO ROMAN LAWPDF电子书下载

Ⅰ.HISTORY AND SOURCES OF THE LAW 1

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION 1

1.The claims of Roman Law 1

2.The constitutional and historical background 3

The struggle between the Orders, and the Republican constitu- tion 3

The later Republic 7

The Principate 10

The Dominate 12

Ⅱ.SOURCES OF THE LAW 14

1.Statutes 14

Lex and plebiscitum 14

Senatusconsulta 16

Constitutiones principis 17

2.Edicts of Magistrates 19

The general function of the Praetor 19

The particular function of the Praetor 23

Character of the ius honorarium 26

Actions and procedure of the late law 27

3.Juristic Interpretation 28

Interpretation prudentium 28

Ius respondendi 31

The Sabinian and Proculian Schools 32

Forms of legal literature 33

The ‘classical period’ 34

The Institutes of Gaius 34

The post-classical period 36

Ⅲ.THE WORK OF JUSTINIAN 38

The Corpus Iuris Civilis 39

Character of the Digest 42

Ⅳ.THE SECOND LIFE OF ROMAN LAW 45

Survival in the East 45

Survival and revival in the West 46

The Reception of Roman law 48

The Humanist revival 50

Natural law 50

Codification and the modern Civil law 51

The modern historical study of Roman law 53

Ⅴ.IUS NA TURALE, IUS GENTIUM 54

Ⅱ.LAW OF PERSONS 60

Introductory.The arrangement of the Institutes 60

Formalism 61

1.Main features of the law 64

Citizens and non-citizens 64

The Roman family -patria potestas 65

Proprietary incapacity of filiusfamilias 68

Position of slaves, in law and in fact 69

2.Creation and termination of slavery 71

How slavery arises 71

How slavery ends—manumission 72

Consequences of manumission 75

Public control of manumission 76

3.Creation and termination of patria potestas 76

How patria potestas arises 76

How patria potestas ends 79

4.Marriage 80

Main characteristics 80

Manus 82

Iustae nuptiae and non-Roman marriage 83

Concubinage 83

Legitimation 84

Divorce 85

Matrimonial property 87

5.Guardianship 90

Tutela impuberum 90

Cura minorum 93

Other forms of guardianship 95

6.Capitis deminutio 96

Ⅲ.LAW OF PROPERTY 98

Introductory.The Law of Things 98

1.Fundamental Distinctions 99

Property and obligations—actions and rights in rem and in per- sonam 99

Contract and conveyance 103

Classifications of res 105

Ownership and possession 107

2.Possession 107

Protection of possession 108

Importance of possession 109

Who has possession? 110

Possession as a fact 114

3.Modes of acquisition of corporeal things 115

4.Derivative modes—Conveyances 116

Mancipatio, in iure cessio 116

Traditio 117

5.Original Civil Mode—Prescription 120

Introductory—limitation and prescription 120

Usucapio 122

The bonitary owner and the bona fide possessor 125

Longi temporis praescriptio and Justinian’s reforms 128

Modern law and the inviolability of ownership 129

6.Original natural modes 130

Occupatio 130

Increment by rivers 132

Merger 133

Specificatio 136

Acquisition of fruits 138

Treasure trove 140

7.Servitudes 140

Introductory—iura in re aliena 140

Praedialservitudes 141

Personal servitudes 144

The Roman law of servitudes and modern law 147

8.Other iura in re aliena 148

Emphyteusis and superficies 148

Real security 149

9.Ownership 153

Ⅳ.LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 158

Introduction 158

Ⅰ.CONTRACTS 159

1.Historical Development 159

The idea of debt 159

Promissory and ‘real’ debt 160

The consensual contracts 161

Unilateral and bilateral contracts 162

Stricti iuris and bonae fidei actions 163

The classification of Gaius and Justinian 164

Law of contracts, not law of contract 165

Methods of contracting and types of contract 166

2.The Informal Contracts 167

（a） The real contracts 167

The individual contracts 167

Obligations re in Gaius 168

Relative unimportance of the real contracts 169

Standards of care 169

（b） The consensual contracts 171

（1） Sale （emptio venditio） 171

Formation of the contract 172

Effects of the contract 178

Duties of the seller 180

Duties of the buyer 182

（2） Hire （locatio conductio） 182

Scope and character 182

Formation of the contract 184

Effects of the contract 185

（3） Partnership （societas） 185

Formation of the contract 185

Incidents of the contract 186

（4） Mandate （mandatum） 187

（c） Innominate contracts 189

（d） Pacts 191

3.The Formal Contracts 193

（a） The contract verbis—the stipulatio 193

Classical form 193

Function 193

Degeneration 194

（b） The contract literis 196

The classical contract 196

The contract of Justinian’s Institutes 197

4.Discharge of Obligations 198

5.Privity of Contract 199

The principle 199

Novation and delegation 199

Assignment 200

Agency 201

6.Suretyship 204

7.Modern Civil law 205

Ⅱ.DELICT AND QUASI-DELICT 207

1.Introduction 207

Crime and delict 207

Penal character of delictal actions 209

The classification of the Institutes 210

2.Furtum and Rapina 211

Archaic features 212

What constitutes furtum 212

The plaintiff 214

Reipersecutory actions 215

Rapina 215

3.Iniuria 215

Classical scope of the delict 215

Earlier development 216

Penal character 217

4.Damnum iniuria datum 218

Lex Aquilia 218

Essential elements of the delict 218

5.Praetorian delicts 222

6.Noxal liability 223

Noxal surrender 223

Damage by animals 224

7.Quasi-delict 224

8.Modern law 226

Civil law 226

Common law 226

Ⅲ.QUASI-CONTRACT 227

Negotiorum gestio 227

The condictio 229

Unjust enrichment 231

Ⅴ.LAW OF SUCCESSION 234

1.General Principles—Civil law 235

Universal succession 235

Heres, hereditas 236

Types of heres 237

Devices to mitigate the inconveniences of universal succession 239

Semel heres, semper heres 241

2.Praetorian law—Bonorum possessio 243

General principles of bonorum possessio 243

Remedies of the bonorum possessor 245

3.Intestate Succession 246

Preliminary notions 246

Civil law 247

Bonorum possessio ab intestato 248

The system of the Novels 250

4.Testamentary Succession 251

The early will 253

Bonorum possessio secundum tabulas； the ‘Praetorian will’ 254

Later forms of will 255

Internal requirements of a will 257

Substitutions 258

Restrictions on the power of testation 26o 258

5.Gifts out of the Inheritance 264

Forms of legacy 264

Restrictions on amount of legacies—lex Falcidia 266

Donatio mortis causa 266

Fideicommissa 267

Assimilation of fideicommissum, legacy, and donatio mortis causa 269

Codicils 270

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 271

INDEX 273