THE INTERNATIOAL CRIMIAL COURT AND COMPLENTARITY VOLUME IIPDF电子书下载

PART Ⅳ (Continued) Interpretation and application 685

21 States' obligations to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of international crimes: the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights&HARMEN VAN DER WILT 685

1 Introduction 686

2 The International Criminal Court and the European Court of Human Rights: brothers in arms? 689

3 ECtHR standards in respect of the obligation to conduct adequate and effective investigations 691

4 Criminal law and human rights law: affinities and distinctions 699

5 Conclusion 705

22 The law and policy of complementarity in relation to 'criminal proceedings' carried out by non-state organized armed groups&JANN K. KLEFFNER 707

1 Introduction 708

2 Organized armed groups 709

3 Criminal proceedings carried out by OAGs as a matter of law 711

4 (Quasi-)criminal proceedings carried out by OAGs as a matter of fact 714

5 The law on complementarity vis-a-vis proceedings carried out by OAGs 716

6 Policy considerations: prosecutorial discretion vis-a-vis proceedings carried out by OAGs 718

7 Conclusion 720

23 Complementarity and the crime of aggression&ROGER S. CLARK 721

1 Introduction 721

2 Complementarity in the Rome Statute 723

3 The meaning of 'a State which has jurisdiction over it' 725

4 Applying the complementarity regime - discussions in the Special Working Group 736

5 Conclusion 743

24 Complementarity and alternative forms of justice: a new test for ICC admissibility&GREGORY S. GORDON 745

1 Introduction 746

2 Situating alternative justice mechanisms within the surface framework of complementarity 749

3 A taxonomy of alternative justice mechanisms 752

4 Formulating analytic criteria for complementarity evaluation 775

5 Conclusion 802

25 Complementarity and 'reverse cooperation'&FEDERICA GIOIA 807

1 Cooperation as a two-way process 808

2 Reverse cooperation in the ICC statutory instruments 810

3 Reverse cooperation and complementarity 813

4 Risk that reverse cooperation might turn into a malicious tool thwarting the functionality of complementarity 816

5 Reverse cooperation and the nature of the relationship between the Court and the states 819

6 Beyond complementarity: reverse cooperation for serious crimes under the national law of the requesting state 821

7 Reverse cooperation in action: criteria for interpretation and specific procedural scenarios 822

8 Reverse cooperation and the ICTY referral bench 824

9 Final remarks 828

26 In the hands of the state: implementing legislation and complementarity&OLYMPIA BEKOU 830

1 Introduction 830

2 State expectations 832

3 The importance of implementing legislation with regard to complementarity 838

4 National approaches to complementarity 841

5 Some concluding remarks 850

PART Ⅴ Complementarity in perspective 855

27 Horizontal complementarity&CEDRIC RYNGAERT 855

1 Introduction 855

2 The sovereignty dimension 857

3 The absence of a transnational ne bis in idem principle 860

4 The absence of a credible threat posed by the bystander state 862

5 Positive complementarity 865

6 The direct effect of Article 17 of the Rome Statute in the domestic legal order 866

7 Customary international law: ascertaining state practice with respect to horizontal complementarity 870

8 In support of domestic courts applying a horizontal complementarity principle 876

9 Lessons from recent Spanish practice 878

10 Concluding observations 885

28 The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ('ICTY') and the transfer of cases and materials to national judicial authorities: lessons in complementarity&DAVID TOLBERT AND ALEKSANDAR KONTIC 888

1 Overview 889

2 The vetting programme: Rules of the Road cases 891

3 Transfer of cases and materials to courts and prosecutors in the region 900

4 Conclusion: the ICTY experience and its relevance to the ICC and the complementarity principle 916

29 Positive complementarity in practice: ICTY Rule 11 bis and the use of the tribunal's evidence in the Srebrenica Trials before the Bosnian War Crimes Chamber&FIDELMA DONLON 920

1 Introduction 921

2 The ICTY Rule 11 bis 'reverse complementarity' regime 925

3 The Law on Transfer of Cases and Evidence: a model national legal framework for 'reverse' cooperation 929

4 Positive complementarity and reverse cooperation in practice: the Srebrenica trials in Bosnia 940

5 Conclusion 952

30 Complementarity of procedures: how to avoid reinventing the wheel&TARIK ABDULHAK 955

1 Introduction 955

2 Common challenges 958

3 Complementarity of procedures and relationships between jurisdictions 959

4 Planning and use of common norms 962

5 An area in need of complementarity of procedures: victim participation 967

6 Language services 981

7 Conclusion 985

PART Ⅵ Complementarity in practice 989

31 Making complementarity work: maximizing the limited role of the Prosecutor&PAUL F. SEILS 989

1 Introduction 990

2 Reflections on aspects of method 991

3 Complementarity in practice 1000

4 Positive complementarity 1011

5 Conclusions 1013

32 Positive complementarity in action&CHRISTOPHER K. HALL 1014

1 Introduction 1015

2 Two basic types of complementarity 1016

3 Impact of positive complementarity 1034

4 Conclusion 1047

5 Kampala postscript 1049

33 Complementarity and the construction of national ability&MORTEN BERGSMO, OLYMPIA BEKOU AND ANNIKA JONES 1052

1 Introduction 1052

2 The ICC's complementarity regime and the importance of national justice 1054

3 The need to construct national ability 1059

4 The ICC Legal Tools and the construction of national ability 1063

5 Conclusion 1070

34 The Colombian peace process (Law 975 of 2005) and the ICC's principle of complementarity&KAI AMBOS 1071

1 Preliminary remarks 1072

2 The process under Law 975 1074

3 The complementarity test as applied to the Colombian situation 1079

4 Conclusion 1095

35 Darfur: complementarity as the drafters intended?&ROBERT CRYER 1097

1 Introduction 1098

2 The concept of complementarity in the Rome Statute 1099

3 A downward spiral: complementarity and cooperation in Sudan 1107

4 What can be done in the event of state non-cooperation? 1115

5 Conclusion 1117

36 Complementarity in Uganda: domestic diversity or international imposition?&SARAH NOUWEN 1120

1 Introduction 1121

2 The law: the complementarity principle in the Rome Statute 1124

3 The practice: effects catalysed by complementarity 1129

4 Conclusion 1150

37 Courts, conflict and complementarity in Uganda&MARIEKE WIERDA AND MICHAEL OTIM 1155

1 Introduction 1156

2 The Ugandan conflict and ICC intervention 1157

3 The Juba negotiations: opening a national justice debate 1163

4 The War Crimes Division and International Criminal Court Bill 1168

5 Challenging complementarity? 1171

6 Conclusion 1178

38 Chasing cases: the ICC and the politics of state referral in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda&PHIL CLARK 1180

1 Introduction 1180

2 Beyond concurrence: the principle of complementarity and ICC case selection 1182

3 Broad ICC prosecutorial strategy 1185

4 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1186

5 Northern Uganda 1197

6 Conclusion: pragmatism revisited 1202

39 A problem, not a solution: complementarity in the Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo&MARLIES GLASIUS 1204

1 Introduction 1205

2 Positive complementarity in the Central African Republic 1206

3 Positive complementarity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1213

4 Conclusions 1218

40 Complementarity and the impact of the Rome Statute and the International Criminal Court in Kenya&CHRISTINE ALAI AND NJONJO MUE 1222

1 Introduction 1223

2 Complementarity and the exercise of ICC jurisdiction 1225

3 Key considerations in relation to the ICC's intervention in Kenya 1231

4 Conclusion 1233

Index 1235