CRIME IN A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXTPDF电子书下载

1. Understanding Crime: The Prime Context 1

Predator 1

Crime 3

Lay Explanations of Crime 4

Scientific Explanations of Crime 6

Rapprochement 8

In Context 8

The Organization of This Book 9

Conclusion 12

Key Terms and Concepts 13

2. Latent Structure: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Dimensional Context 14

The Self-Mutilator 14

What Is Latent Structure? 15

The Taxometric Method 16

Identifying the Number of Dimensions or Classes 18

Behavioral Dimensions of a Criminal Lifestyle 23

Cognitive Dimensions of a Criminal Lifestyle 24

General Belief Systems 25

Schematic Subnetworks 27

Specific Criminal Thoughts 30

Why Should We Care About Latent Structure? 30

Theoretical Implications 31

Research Implications 31

Practical Implications 32

Conclusion 33

Key Terms and Concepts 34

3. Classification: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Diagnostic Context 35

Mr. Consistency 35

Diagnostic Functions 36

Essentials of Categorical Diagnosis 38

Essentials of Dimensional Diagnosis 39

Constructing a Dimensional Diagnosis for the Criminal Lifestyle 40

Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form 40

Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles 47

Analyzing Trends and Identifying Patterns 56

Trend and Pattern Analysis of Will's Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form and Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles 56

Trend and Pattern Analysis of Pete's Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form and Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles 58

Trend and Pattern Analysis of Rick 's Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form and Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles 60

Conclusion 62

Key Terms and Concepts 63

4. Assessment: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Appraisal Context 64

Tuesday's Child 64

Clinical Forensic Assessment 66

Construct Assessment 67

Risk Assessment 67

Broadband Clinical Forensic Assessment Instruments 69

Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form 69

Psychopathy Checklist-Revised 72

Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles 74

Level of Service Inventory-Revised 77

Prediction-Oriented and Management-Oriented Risk Assessment 80

Narrowband Clinical Forensic Assessment Instruments 81

General Violence 81

Domestic Violence 82

Sexual Violence 83

Clinical Forensic Evaluation of Grace 83

Construct Assessment 86

Risk Assessment 86

Overall Impression 86

Conclusion 87

Key Terms and Concepts 88

5. Development or Propensity: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Etiological Context 89

Born Under a Bad Sign 89

Development Versus Propensity in Explaining Crime 92

Moffitt's Developmental Taxonomy 92

Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control 94

Hare's Psychopathy Construct 96

Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime 97

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Four Models 99

A Lifestyle Theory of Crime 101

Precursors to a Criminal Lifestyle 101

Phase Ⅰ: Initiation 102

Phase Ⅱ: Transition 107

Phase Ⅲ: Maintenance 110

Phase Ⅳ: Burnout and Maturity 112

Jerry Revisited: A Developmental Analysis 115

Conclusion 117

Key Terms and Concepts 117

6. Phenomenology: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Subjective Context 119

Married to the Mob 119

Phenomenology 122

Responses to the Ten Questions 123

Q1. Tell Me About Your Life Before Crime. 123

Q2. Describe Your Initiation Into Crime. 125

Q3. Discuss How You Became Committed to a Criminal Lifestyle. 127

Q4. What Do You Think You Learned From Prison? 129

Q5. What Factors Encourage or Facilitate Your Continued Involvement in a Criminal Lifestyle? 131

Q6. What Factors Discourage or Hinder Your Continued Involvement in a Criminal Lifestyle? 134

Q7. Relate to Me Your View of Society (Its People,Policies, and Institutions). 135

Q8. How Do You Rate Yourself on the (Eight)Thinking Styles and (Four) Behavioral Styles of a Criminal Lifestyle? 137

Q9. If You Were to Abandon the Criminal Lifestyle Today, What Would You Miss Most? 139

Q10. How Do You See Your Future? 141

Conclusion 142

Key Terms and Concepts 143

7. Intervention: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Programmatic Context 144

The Boxer 144

Programmed Intervention 147

Unassisted Change 148

The "Nothing Works" Controversy 150

Finding a Philosophy 151

The Conflict Philosophy 152

The Moral Philosophy 153

The Fulfillment Philosophy 153

The Learning Philosophy 153

Implementing the Program 154

Individual Versus Group Intervention 154

Preconditions for Change 155

Phases of Change 158

Matching Offenders to Interventions 161

Specific Intervention Strategies 162

Evaluating the Outcome 167

Conceptual Issues 167

Sampling Issues 168

Practical Issues 168

Measurement Issues 169

An Example: The Lifestyle Change Program 169

Conclusion 172

Key Terms and Concepts 173

8. Prevention: The Criminal Lifestyle in a High-Risk Youth Context 174

Dennis the Menace 174

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention 176

The Lifestyle Approach to Secondary Prevention 177

Incentive 177

Opportunity 180

Choice 191

Conclusion 192

Key Terms and Concepts 194

9. Mental Illness and Malingering: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Application Context 195

Tattoo 195

Mental Illness 196

Prevalence 197

Latent Structure 198

Diagnosis and Assessment 198

Development 199

Intervention 200

Malingering 205

Prevalence 206

Latent Structure 206

Diagnosis and Assessment 207

Development 210

Intervention 210

Conclusion 212

Key Terms and Concepts 213

10. Future Contexts and Distant Horizons 214

The Second Story Man 214

Understanding Crime: The Prime Context 217

Future Dimensional Contexts 218

Future Diagnostic Contexts 219

Future Appraisal Contexts 221

Future Etiological Contexts 222

Future Subjective Contexts 223

Future Programmatic Contexts 224

Future Preventive Contexts 225

Future Application Contexts 226

Conclusion 228

Key Terms and Concepts 228

References 229

Index 263