University Fundamental Physics Vol 2PDF电子书下载

PART 3 ELECTROMAGNETISM 2

CHAPTER 11 ELECTROSTATIC FIELD 2

11.1 Electric Charges 2

11.2 Electric Field and Electric Field Intensity 3

11.3 Coulomb's Law and Calculating Electrostatic Field 4

11.4 Electric Field Lines and Electric Flux 9

11.5 Gauss' Law 12

11.6 Finding Electrostatic Field Distribution by Gauss' Law 14

SUMMARY 18

QUESTIONS 19

PROBLEMS 19

CHAPTER 12 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL 21

12.1 Conservative Property of Electrostatic Field 21

12.2 Electric Potential Difference and Electric Potential 23

12.3 Principle of Superposition of Electric Potential 25

12.4 Finding Field from Potential 29

12.5 Electrostatic Energy of Electric Charge in External Electric Field 30

12.6 Energy of Electrostatic Field 31

SUMMARY 32

QUESTIONS 33

PROBLEMS 33

CHAPTER 13 ELECTROSTATIC FIELD WITH CONDUCTORS OR DIELECTRICS PRESENT 35

13.1 Conditions for Electrostatic Equilibrium of a Conductor 35

13.2 Charge Distribution on a Conductor in Electrostatic Equilibrium State 36

13.3 Finding Electrostatic Field When Conductors are Present 37

13.4 Capacitors and Capacitance 39

13.5 Effect on Dielectrics by Electric Field 43

13.6 Polarization of Dielectrics 44

13.7 Electric Displacement Vector D and Its Gauss' Law 47

13.8 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 47

SUMMARY 50

QUESTIONS 50

PROBLEMS 51

CHAPTER 14 ELECTRIC CURRENT AND MAGNETIC FIELD 53

14.1 Electric Current and Current Density 53

14.2 A Classical Microscopic View of Electric Current 55

14.3 Ohm's Law 57

14.4 Magnetic Force and Motion of Electric Charge 58

14.5 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Induction 59

14.6 Biot-Savart Law 61

14.7 Ampere Circuital Theorem 67

14.8 Finding Distribution of the Magnetic Field with Ampere Circuital Theorem 70

14.9 Magnetic Field Associated with Varying Electric Field 72

SUMMARY 76

QUESTIONS 77

PROBLEMS 78

CHAPTER 15 MAGNETIC FORCE 80

15.1 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field 80

15.2 Hall Effect 82

15.3 Force on Current-carrying Wires in a Magnetic Field 84

15.4 Torque on a Current-carrying Coil in a Magnetic Field 85

15.5 Interaction between Parallel Currents 88

SUMMARY 90

QUESTIONS 90

PROBLEMS 91

CHAPTER 16 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 94

16.1 Effect on Magnetic Field by Materials 94

16.2 Magnetization 95

16.3 Vector H and Its Circuital Theorem 97

16.4 Magnetic Shielding 99

SUMMARY 99

QUESTIONS 100

PROBLEMS 101

CHAPTER 17 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE 102

17.1 Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction 102

17.2 Motional Emf 106

17.3 Induced Emf and Induced Electric Field 110

17.4 Mutual Induction 112

17.5 Self-induction 113

17.6 Energy Stored in Magnetic Field 115

17.7 Maxwell's Equations 116

17.8 Electromagnetic Waves (EM Waves) 117

17.9 Energy in EM Waves 118

SUMMARY 120

QUESTIONS 121

PROBLEMS 123

PART 4 WAVE AND OPTICS 128

CHAPTER 18 VIBRATION 128

18.1 Description of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 128

18.2 SHM and Uniform Circular Motion 130

18.3 Dynamical Equation of SHM 133

18.4 Energy of SHM 135

18.5 Damped Vibration 136

18.6 Forced Vibration Resonance 137

18.7 Combination of One-dimensional SHM's of Same Frequency 138

18.8 Combination of One-dimensional SHM's of Different Frequencies 140

SUMMARY 141

QUESTIONS 142

PROBLEMS 142

CHAPTER 19 WAVES 144

19.1 Travelling Waves 144

19.2 Formation of a Simple Harmonic Wave 146

19.3 Wave Function of the SHW Wavelength 147

19.4 Elastic deformations of Materials 152

19.5 Wave Speed in Elastic Media 155

19.6 Energy of Waves 157

19.7 Huygens' Principle and the Reflection and Refraction of Waves 161

19.8 Superposition of Waves, and Standing Wave 165

19.9 Sound Wave 168

19.10 Doppler Effect 170

SUMMARY 174

QUESTIONS 176

PROBLEMS 177

CHAPTER 20 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT 179

20.1 Young's Double-slit Interference 179

20.2 Coherent Light 182

20.3 Optical Path 184

20.4 Thin-film Interference 186

SUMMARY 189

QUESTIONS 190

PROBLEMS 191

CHAPTER 21 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT 194

21.1 Fraunhofer Diffraction 194

21.2 Single-slit Fraunhofer Diffraction 195

21.3 Resolving Power of a Optical Instrument 198

21.4 Grating Diffraction 202

21.5 Grating spectra 205

SUMMARY 207

QUESTIONS 208

PROBLEMS 209

CHAPTER 22 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT 212

22.1 Natural Light and Polarized Light 212

22.2 Polarization by Absorption 214

22.3 Polarization by Reflection 217

22.4 Double Refraction 218

SUMMARY 219

QUESTIONS 220

PROBLEMS 220

CHAPTER 23 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 222

23.1 Light Rays 222

23.2 Reflection of Light 223

23.3 Spherical Mirrors 225

23.4 Refraction of Light 229

23.5 The Focal Length of a Thin Lenses 231

23.6 Imaging by Thin Lenses 235

23.7 Optical Instruments 239

SUMMARY 242

QUESTIONS 243

PROBLEMS 244

PART 5 FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS 249

CHAPTER 24 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS 249

24.1 The Birth of the Concept of Quantum 249

24.2 Emergence of the Concept of Photon 252

24.3 Compton Scattering 255

24.4 Wave Nature of Particles 256

24.5 Probability Wave and Probability Amplitude 260

24.6 Uncertainty Relation 263

24.7 Schrodinger Equation 267

24.8 A Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Potential Well 268

24.9 Barrier Penetration 272

SUMMARY 277

QUESTIONS 279

PROBLEMS 279

CHAPTER 25 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS 282

25.1 Hydrogen Atom 282

25.2 Spin of Electron and Spin-orbit Coupling 289

25.3 Configuration of Electrons in Atoms 297

25.4 Laser 302

SUMMARY 307

QUESTIONS 309

PROBLEMS 310

CHAPTER 26 ELECTRONS IN SOLIDS 312

26.1 Energy Distribution of Free Electrons in Metals 312

26.2 Conducting Mechanism of Metals 317

26.3 Energy Bands,Conductors and Insulators 318

26.4 Semiconductors 322

26.5 PN Junction 325

SUMMARY 327

QUESTIONS 328

PROBLEMS 329

CHAPTER 27 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 330

27.1 General Properties of Nuclei 330

27.2 Nuclear Force 333

27.3 Binding Energy of Nuclei 336

27.4 Radioactivity and the Decay Law 340

27.5 Three Kinds of Radioactive Rays 344

27.6 Nuclear Reactions 348

SUMMARY 350

QUESTIONS 352

PROBLEMS 352

DATA LIST 354

ANSWERS TO ALL PROBLEMS 356

INDEX 363