HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AN INTRODUCTIONPDF电子书下载

Introduction： Humanitarian Intervention in ContemporaryInternational Relations 1

The contemporary debate 1

The end o f history 2

The rise o f the ‘international community， 3

Globalization and the communication revolution 5

Using this book 7

Part Ⅰ Concepts and Conceptions 11

1 What is ‘Humanitarian Intervention，？ 11

‘Humanitarian intervention，， ‘humanitarian action， and‘military action， 12

Features of humanitarian intervention 16

The status o f the parties involved 16

The question of consent 18

The means 18

The motives 19

The issue o f legality 19

Conclusion 20

Questions 21

Further reading 21

Useful websites 21

2 The Just War Tradition 22

The central tenets 23

The evolution of the Just War tradition 25

Contemporary relevance 32

Is the tradition universally applicable？ 34

The tradition is inherently statist 34

Easily abused/who decides？ 36

Does the Just War tradition have any real utility？ 37

Conclusion 38

Questions 39

Further reading 39

3 The Sovereign State 41

The evolution of the sovereign state 41

War， religion and the modern state 44

Westphalia and the nation-state 45

The UN Charter 47

Organized hypocrisy？ 48

Challenging the sovereign state in the contemporary era 51

The rise o f human rights 51

Defending the sovereign state 52

Conclusion 57

Questions 58

Further reading 59

4 Theoretical Perspectives 60

Realism 61

Marxism/critical theory 64

Liberalism 67

The English School 70

Cosmopolitanism 73

Post-structuralism 75

Conclusion 78

Questions 79

Further reading 79

Part Ⅱ Controversies 83

5 Legality and Legitimacy 83

The evolution of international law and the legal statusof humanitarian intervention 83

The evolution o f international law 84

The legal status of humanitarian intervention 86

Human rights law 94

‘Illegal but legitimate，？ 96

The need for legal reform 99

The feasibility of reform 99

Potential legal reform 100

Political will or legal obstacles？ 101

Conclusion 102

Questions 103

Further reading 104

6 Sovereignty as Responsibility 105

State responsibility 105

Traditional approacbes to state responsibility 106

State responsibility and the UN Charter 107

The rise o f human security 109

Political developments in the 1990s 111

The responsibility to protect 113

Key tenets 113

International reception and the 2005 World Summit 117

Challenging the responsibility to protect 120

Specific failings within R2P 120

A Western idea 121

Will lead to increased war and instability 122

［It，s their］ responsibility to protect 123

Does not address the key problem 124

Conclusion 125

Questions 126

Further reading 126

7 Who Decides？ 128

Legitimacy， authority， power and rights 129

Legitimacy 129

Authority and power 132

Right or duty？ 134

The UN Security Council 135

Nature o f the Security Council，s powers 135

International perception 137

A source o f order， not justice 139

Alternative authorities 141

International morality 141

Liberal hierarchy thesis 143

Reform of the Security Council 144

Conclusion 147

Questions 148

Further reading 148

8 Motives and Means 149

Motives 149

The humanitarian imperative 150

In defence o f interests 151

‘He who invokes humanity wants to cheat， 154

Means 156

Bombing for humanity， 157

Force protection 158

‘War is hell， 160

Conclusion 162

Questions 163

Further reading 163

Part3 Cases 167

9 ‘Humanitarian Intervention in History 167

Humanitarian intervention： trends and changes 168

The state and the evolution of humanitarian intervention 168

Humanitarian intervention in historical context 171

Conclusion： assessing the record 176

Questions 177

Further reading 177

10 Rwanda 179

Nature of the crisis 179

The evolution o f the crisis 180

Explaining the genocide 183

International response 186

International reaction 186

Could more have been done？ 188

Impact on the debate 193

Never again! 194

The need for UN reform 195

Critiquing intervention 197

Conclusion 199

Questions 200

Further reading 200

11 Kosovo 201

Nature of the crisis 201

International response 204

1989-98： distracted superpowers 204

October 1998-March 1999： diplomatic failure 205

24 March 1999-10 June 1999： intervention 207

Impact on the debate 211

A war fought for values 211

‘The new military humanism， 212

International law after Kosovo 213

Force protection and international humanitarian law 216

Conclusion 218

Questions 219

Further reading 219

12 Iraq 221

Nature of the crisis 222

International response 224

The Bush doctrine and Iraq 224

Operation Iraqi Freedom 226

Lies？ 227

Impact on the debate 228

The abuse o f humanitarian intervention 229

The role o f international law 231

The utility of the Just War criteria 235

Conclusion 238

Questions 240

Further reading 240

13 Darfur 241

Nature of the crisis 241

International response 243

2003-05 243

2005-08 245

Impact on the debate 246

Back to Rwanda？ 247

R2P RIP？ 249

The limits of global civil society？ 252

Conclusion 255

Questions 256

Further reading 256

Conclusion The Future of Humanitarian Intervention？ 258

Three scenarios 258

In defence of the status quo 259

The need for legal reform 261

Beyond current international law 262

Conclusion 264

Bibliography 267

Index 294