QUALITATIVE APPROACHES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELDPDF电子书下载

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE METHODS 1

In the Field 1

1. Introduction to Fieldwork&William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins 2

Participant Observation—Methodology 17

2. The Methodology of Participant Observation&Danny L. Jorgensen 17

Participant Observation—Fieldwork Relations 27

3. Constructing Participant/Observation Relations&Robert M. Emerson and Melvin Pollner 27

Interviews 44

4. Asking Descriptive Questions&James Spradley 44

Entering the Field 54

5. Playing Back the Tape: Early Days in the Field&John Van Maanen 54

Ⅱ. POLICE 63

Socialization 66

6. Observations on the Making of Policemen&John Van Maanen 66

Informal Communication 80

7. Humor in the Briefing Room:A Study of the Strategic Uses of Humor Among Police&Mark R. Pogrebin and Eric D. Poole 80

Stereotyping Cases 94

8. Case Routinization in Investigative Police Work&William B. Waegel 94

Emotions 107

9. The Highs and Lows of Emotional Labor:Detectives' Encounters with Criminals and Victims&Barbara Stenross and Sherryl Kleinman 107

Undercover Work 116

10. Vice Isn't Nice A Look at the Effects of Working Undercover&Mark R. Pogrebin and Eric D. Poole 116

Community Relations 128

11. Community Policing in Small Town and Rural America&Ralph A. Weisheit, L. Edward Wells, and David N. Falcone 128

Police Deviancy 141

12. The Social Context of Police Lying&Jennifer Hunt and Peter K. Manning 141

Ⅲ. JUDICIAL 155

Prosecutorial Decision Making 158

13. Discrediting Victims' Allegations of Sexual Assault:Prosecutorial Accounts of Case Rejections&Lisa Frohmann 158

Defense Attorneys and Clients 171

14. Client Games: Defense Attorney Perspectives on Their Relations with Criminal Clients&Roy B. Flemming 171

Social Class Effects on Criminal Clients 190

15. The Effect of Social Class on the Adjudication of Criminal Cases:Class-Linked Behavior Tendencies, Common Sense, and the Interpretive Procedures of Court-Appointed Defense Attorneys&Debra S. Emmelman 190

Plea Bargaining—Prosecutorial 204

16. Adapting to Plea Bargaining: Prosecutors&Milton Heumann 204

Plea Bargaining—Defense Attorney 219

17. Trial by Plea Bargain:Case Settlement as a Product of Recursive Decision Making&Debra S. Emmelman 219

Plea Bargaining—Judges' Role 237

18. Guilty Plea Courts: A Social Disciplinary Model of Criminal Justice&Mike McConville and Chester Mirsky 237

Stereotyping the Offender 254

19. Maintaining the Myth of Individualized Justice:Probation Presentence Reports&John Rosecrance 254

Ⅳ. CORRECTIONS 269

Guard Research 272

20. Accounts of Prison Work:Corrections Officers' Portrayals of Their Work Worlds&Stan Stojkovic 272

Adjustment to Prison 286

21. Ambivalent Actions:Prison Adaptation Strategies of First-Time, Short-Term Inmates&Thomas J. Schmid and Richard S. Jones 286

Changing Climate of Prisons 301

22. Changes in Prison Culture:Prison Gangs and the Case of the "Pepsi Generation"&Geoffrey Hunt, Stephanie Riegel, Tomas Morales, and Dan Waldorf 301

Women View Prison 312

23. Women's Accounts of Their Prison Experiences:A Retrospective View of Their Subjective Realities&Mark R. Pogrebin and Mary Dodge 312

Sexualized Work Environment 326

24. Women Deputies and Jail Work&Mark R. Pogrebin and Eric D. Poole 326

Parole Board 338

25. Parole Interviews of Sex Offenders:The Role of Impression Management&Michael L. Radelet and Leigh M. Roberts 338

Inmates' View of Parole Board 348

26. Denial of Parole: An Inmate Perspective&Mary West-Smith, Mark R. Pogrebin, and Eric D. Poole 348

Ⅴ. FIELDWORK EXPERIENCES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: ETHICAL DILEMMAS 361

27. The Moral Fix: On the Ethics of Fieidwork&John Van Maanen 363

28. Female Researchers in Male-Dominated Settings:Implications for Short-Term Versus Long-Term Research&Joan Neff Gurney 377

29. Doing Research in Prison:The Strengths and Weaknesses of Full Participation as a Guard&James W. Marquart 383

Index 395

About the Editor 403

About the Contributors 405