TEXTS AND MATERIALS ON INTERNAIOAL HUMAN RIGHTSPDF电子书下载

1 Sources of International Human Rights 1

1.1 Treaties 3

1.2 Customary international law 14

1.3 Other international and regional instruments 19

1.4 A practical guide to sources 28

Further reading 35

2 Key Concepts: Universality, Interdependence and Categories of Rights 36

2.1 Universality 36

2.2 Cultural sensitivity 50

2.3 Positive obligations on States to conform to human rights 65

2.4 Indivisibility and interdependence or a hierarchy of rights? 71

2.5 Interdependence and indivisibility 72

2.6 Evolving and developing rights 75

Further reading 75

3 States and Treaty Obligations 77

3.1 Universal human rights and ratification 78

3.2 Limitations on State compliance: reservations, declarations, derogations and denunciations 83

3.3 Reservations 83

3.4 Declarations 98

3.5 Derogations 101

3.6 Denunciations 113

Further reading 119

4 Human Rights Organisations and Key Institutions 120

4.1 International organisations 121

4.2 The United Nations 121

4.3 International courts 139

4.4 The International Labour Organisation 146

4.5 Regional organisations 150

4.6 Europe 152

4.7 The Americas 174

4.8 Africa 175

4.9 Others 175

Further reading 179

5 Monitoring and Enforcing Human Rights: Extra-Conventional Mechanisms 181

5.1 Human Rights Council 182

5.2 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 205

5.3 United Nations Security Council and sanctions 211

5.4 International criminal courts, tribunals and processes 215

5.5 Organisation of American States Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 227

Further reading 231

6 Implementing Human Rights Treaties: Committees and Courts 233

6.1 United Nations treaty monitoring bodies: conventional mechanisms 234

6.2 Regional systems and creating judicial mechanisms 282

6.3 Remedies for individuals 290

Further reading 297

7 National Institutions for Protecting and Promoting Human Rights 299

7.1 States and international (human rights) law 300

7.2 The international approach to national institutions 310

7.3 The regional position on national institutions 321

7.4 Nature of national institutions 321

7.5 Examples of national institutions 322

7.6 Conclusions 329

7.7 Children's commissioners—a special case? 329

Further reading 337

8 Extending the Duties to Protect and Respect Human Rights: Non-State Actors 338

8.1 Non-governmental organisations 339

8.2 Business and multinational corporations 350

8.3 Educators, lawyers and individuals 379

Further reading 386

9 Reforming the International and Regional Human Rights Systems 389

9.1 The bigger picture—human rights and United Nations reform 391

9.2 Ongoing reform of United Nations treaty monitoring bodies 403

9.3 Towards universal ratification of key instruments 431

9.4 Regional reforms 432

Further reading 435

10 Protecting Children 437

10.1 Children as humans 438

10.2 Tabulating children's rights 446

10.3 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 452

10.4 Governing principles 454

10.5 Regional instruments 478

Further reading 479

11 Detainees, Prisoners and Convicts 481

11.1 Equality before the law 482

11.2 Arrest 485

11.3 Disappearances 488

11.4 Detention pending trial 502

11.5 Torture and the use of force 507

11.6 Fair trial 511

11.7 Detention after conviction 526

11.8 Juveniles in captivity and court 535

11.9 Capital punishment 540

Further reading 545

12 Indigenous Peoples and Their Rights 547

12.1 Towards recognition of indigenous rights 547

12.2 Invoking minority rights 552

12.3 The scope of'indigenous people' 571

12.4 Rights claimed by indigenous people 573

12.5 The right to self-determination 573

12.6 Land rights 583

12.7 Cultural rights 601

Further reading 603

13 The Protection of Refugees, Stateless Persons and Internally Displaced People 605

13.1 Who is a refugee? 607

13.2 Procedures for determining refugee status 614

13.3 Termination of refugee status 625

13.4 Regional instruments and criteria for determining refugee status and addressing refugee rights 632

13.5 Rights of refugees 637

13.6 Granting asylum to refugees and others 647

13.7 Internally displaced 648

13.8 High Commissioner for Refugees 649

13.9 Stateless persons 652

Further reading 663

14 Protecting and Promoting the Rights of Women 664

14.1 Leading the way: the International Labour Organisation 665

14.2 Equality 668

14.3 Tabulating women's rights 685

14.4 Protection from persecution: trafficking, exploitation 698

14.5 Violence against women 704

14.6 Family rights: marriage and children 723

14.7 Regional instruments and approaches to women's rights 730

Further reading 733

Index 735