Constitutions of the worldPDF电子书下载

The Beginning of Modem Constitutionalism 1

The First Constitution 2

The Concept of Inherent Natural Rights 3

The European Influence 5

The French Revolutionary Constitutions 8

Constitutions of Other Countries 9

The U.S.Constitution: Model for the World 11

The World’s Second Constitution 15

European Constitutions 19

France Sets HumanRights Precedents 19

Spain’s 1812 Cadiz Constitution: A Turning Point in European History 22

Sources and Contributions of the Cadiz Constitution 23

Latin American Constitutions 25

The Chinese Political Structure 31

A Fourth Branch of Government 31

The Fifth Branch of the Chinese Government 31

Constitutionalism Continues in Europe 33

Revolutions Result in New Constitutions 35

The German Constitution that Never Went into Effect 38

Constitutional Experimentation and Testing in the Americas 43

U.S.Civil War: A Constitutional Crisis 43

Provisions of Amendments Extend to States 45

A New Era for France, Germany, and Italy 47

The Rise of Oriental Constitutionalism 49

Japan Responds to the European Influence 49

China: The Oldest Monarchy Becomes the Newest Republic 51

Constitutions Come Much Later for Countries in the Far East 52

Constitutions of the Twentieth Century 53

Russian Constitutions Bring Radical Changes 54

Mexican Constitution Emphasizes Economic and Cultural Rights 56

World War Ⅱ: Constitutional Causes and Effects 59

Constitutions of the Defeated Axis Powers 63

Constitutional Proliferation after World War Ⅱ 69

Independent British Colonies Draft Constitutions 69

Many Countries Write Constitutions after 1970 70

Constitutions Institutionalize One-Party States 72

Ideological Conflict and Constitutional Reform 75

Source of Human and Constitutional Rights 75

Moving Toward More Individual Freedom and Democracy 76

Appendix 79