THE DEFENCE OF OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIOR ORDERS IN INTERNATIONAL LAWPDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ: NATIONAL LAW 5

Chapter 1: The Dilemma and its Solutions 5

Chapter 2: The Leipzig Trials 10

PART Ⅱ INTERNATIONAL THEORY 21

Introductory Note 21

Chapter 1: The Manifest Illegality Principle and the Personal Knowledge Principle 26

Chapter 2: The Doctrine of Respondeat Superior 38

1. Oppenheim's Proposition 38

2. Mistake of Law and Compulsion as the Basis of the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior 49

3. The Distinction between the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior and the Acts of State Doctrine 57

Chapter 3: The Doctrine of Absolute Liability 68

Chapter 4: The Mens Rea Principle 76

1. Mistake of Law and Compulsion 76

2. Mistake of Fact vs. Mistake of Law 83

3. A Proposed Solution of the Problem of Obedience to Superior Orders 87

PART Ⅲ: INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION, 1919-1945 93

Chapter 1: Initial Irresolution 93

1. The Peace Conference, 1919 93

2. The Washington Conference, 1922 97

Chapter 2: The Negation of the Plea of Obedience to Superior Orders 104

1. The Deliberations of the Commissions of the United Nations, 1942-1945 104

2. The Charter of the International Military Tribunal, 1945 109

PART Ⅳ. THE CASES 123

Chapter 1: Trials before International Tribunals 123

1. Historical Note 123

2. The Nuremberg Trial 125

3. The Tokyo Trial 156

Chapter 2: Trials before National Courts 160

1. Historical Note 160

2. The 'Subsequent Proceedings' at Nuremberg 162

3. Other Trials of War Criminals 190

Summing-Up of the Cases 214

PART Ⅴ: INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION SINCE 1946 217

Chapter 1: Doubts and Vacillations 217

1. The Genocide Convention, 1948 217

2. The Red Cross Conventions, 1949 223

Chapter 2: The Work of the International Law Commission 226

1. Historical Background 226

2. The Nuremberg Principles 228

3. The Draft Code of Offences against the Peace and Security of Mankind 241

Conclusions 253

Subject Index 255

Name Index 266