LAW AND MEDICAL ETHICS EIGHTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

1 MEDICAL ETHICS AND MEDICAL PRACTICE 1

A basis for medical ethics 2

The organisation of modern medicine 12

Public relations 23

Legal intervention in medicine 24

The doctor’s position 26

2 PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE STATE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 29

Handling health threats to the community 31

Health promotion： The issues 37

The darker sides of medicine 38

The impact of human rights on medical law 41

3 HEALTH RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION&By Miriam Aziz 48

Introduction 48

The European market for health 48

Health care policy in the EU 49

Rights and access to health care in the EU 54

Cross-border access to health care in the EU 57

Ethics in science and new technologies in the EU 62

4 CONSENT TO TREATMENT 64

Introduction 64

The limits to consent 65

Refusal of treatment by adults 87

Consent and its social consequences 99

Proceeding without consent： The consequences 104

The negligence action and the vagaries of information disclosure 106

5 LIABILITY FOR MEDICAL INJURY 122

Compensation for injury 123

The basis of medical liability 129

What constitutes negligence 132

The problem of the novice 148

Protecting patients from products 149

Protecting patients from themselves 152

Resipsaloquitur 154

Operational failures 156

Causation 157

Injuries caused by medical products or devices 163

Criminal negligence 167

6 MEDICAL CONFIDENTIALITY 172

What is the current state of play？ 172

Relaxation of the rule 177

Confidentiality and the legal process 197

Patient access to medical records 201

Confidentiality and death 206

7 GENETIC INFORMATION AND THE LAW 209

Genetics： The science and challenges 209

Genetic counselling and fetal testing for genetic disease 212

Legal and ethical responses to the ‘familial’ nature of genetics 219

Individual and family interests in genetic information 220

Other parties’ interests in genetic information 228

Research involving genetic material 238

The state interest in genetic information 240

Gene therapy 243

Cloning 246

8 THE MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY AND CHILDLESSNESS 250

The control of assisted reproduction in the United Kingdom 251

Insemination 254

The infertile or childless woman 266

Surrogate motherhood 283

9 THE CONTROL OF FERTILITY 296

The concept of personhood 297

Contraception 299

Contragestation 302

Sterilisation 303

Termination of pregnancy 313

10 CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 338

The uncovenanted child： The action for wrongful pregnancy 339

Reproductive counselling and negligence： The action for wrongful birth 352

Wrongful （or diminished） life actions 358

Wrongful injury to the fetus and feticide 369

11 HEALTH RESOURCES AND DILEMMAS IN TREATMENT 376

Global distribution of resources 377

The allocation of national resources 378

Treatment of the individual 389

12 TREATMENT OF THE AGED 401

Autonomy and paternalism in the treatment of the aged 402

Care of the elderly in the future 420

Dying from old age 421

13 MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 423

The evolution of mental health law 423

Controlling treatment 424

Human rights and mental disorder 433

Mental health， criminal and civil liability 441

14 THE BODY AS PROPERTY 447

Should there be property in human material？ 447

Property in cadavers and cadaver tissues 462

Intellectual property law and the human body 466

Conclusion 474

15 MEDICAL FUTILITY 475

Part 1： The Beginning of Life 475

The concept of medical futility 476

Part 2： The End of Life 500

The patient in the permanent vegetative state 502

The best interests test 514

Are we being honest？ 517

‘Do not resuscitate’ orders 520

16 THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEATH 521

Concepts of death 521

The medico-legal effects of applying brain stem death criteria 528

17 THE DONATION OF ORGANS AND TRANSPLANTATION 534

Technical aspects of transplantation 534

The living donor 538

Cadaver donations 547

The fetus or neonate as a transplant donor 560

18 EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTANCE IN DYING 565

A classification of assisted dying 566

Termination of life without consent 568

Non-voluntary termination of life 570

The capable patient 581

Assisted dying in practice 601

19 BIOMEDICAL HUMAN RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION 610

Ethical codes and legal instruments in human biomedical research 611

What is research？ 612

Randomised controlled trials 620

Experimental treatment 627

Informed consent and the （in）competent research subject 629

The unethical researcher 633

Compensation for personal injury in research 637

Research involving human tissue and personal data 637

New approaches to research governance 640

20 RESEARCH ON CHILDREN， FETUSES， AND EMBRYOS 642

Non-therapeutic research on children 643

Therapeutic research on children 649

Fetal research and experimentation 652

Embryos and embryonic stem cell research 657

Appendix A 665

The Hippocratic Oath 665

Appendix B 666

Declaration of Geneva 666

Appendix C 667

Declaration of Tokyo， 1975 667

Appendix D 669

Declaration ofHelsinki 669

Index 675