GEPFFREY ROBERTSON QC CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITYPDF电子书下载

1 The Human Rights Story 1

In the Beginning: Natural Rights 1

The Trial of Charles Ⅰ 5

Revolutionary Rights 9

The Nineteenth Century: Bentham, Marx and the Humanitarian Impulse 17

Armenian Massacres, The League of Nations and Stalin's Show Trials 23

What Are We Fighting For?&H. G. Wells 30

Nations United 33

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 39

2 The Post-war World 49

1946-76: Thirty Inglorious Years 51

The Human Rights Commission and Council 60

The Human Rights Committee System 70

Some Enforcement at Last: The European Convention, and Other Regions 80

Realpolitik Rules OK 90

The Srebrenica Question 102

3 The Rights of Humankind 108

Making Human Rights Rule: International Law 110

International Crimes and the Rule Against Retrospectivity 121

The Statute of Liberty 125

Safety of the Person 131

Individual Freedoms 138

The Right to Fairness 149

Judicial Independence 160

Peaceful Enjoyment of Property 169

4 Twenty-first Century Blues 175

Freedom from Execution 176

Death Penalty Safeguards (Mandatory Death Sentences, Unfair Trials, Rights of Appeal, Mercy Petitions, Stays of Execution, Exempted Persons, Delayed Executions, Modes of Execution) 182

Minority, Cultural and Indigenous Rights (The Right to Exist, The Right to Be Different, The Right to Return of Cultural Property, Indigenous Minorities) 195

Self-determination 207

The Question of Palestine 216

Economic and Social Rights 220

Labour Rights as Human Rights 229

The Duties of Multinational Corporations 232

A Right to Democracy? 239

5 War Law 246

In Search of the Just War (Dr Lieber's Code, The Hague Conventions, The World Wars) 251

The Geneva Conventions (The 1949 Conventions, The 1977 Protocols) 256

Good Conventions (Chemical and Biological Weapons, Nuclear Weaponry, Conventional Weapons, Landmines, Cluster Bombs, Pillage, The Crime of Aggression) 266

The Dogs of War 288

War Reporting (Compulsion to Testify, Source Protection) 291

Child Soldiers 298

6 An End to Impunity? 301

International Criminals: Pirates, Slavers and Kaisers 302

The Nazi Leaders: Summary Execution? 306

The Trial 309

Judgment Day 313

Nuremberg and Tokyo: Victor's Justice? 316

Towards Universal Jurisdiction (The Genocide Convention, The Torture Convention, Piracy and Slavery, Apartheid) 324

The Nuremberg Legacy 342

7 Slouching Towards Nemesis 351

Out of This Blackness 354

The Duty to Prosecute 359

The Limits of Amnesty 367

Amnesties in International Law 372

Truth Commissions and Transitional Justice 383

The Case for Retribution 398

8 The Case of General Pinochet 404

An Arrest in Harley Street 406

The State in International Law 412

Sovereign Immunity 414

Bring On the Diplomats 421

The Law Takes Its Course 424

The Pinochet Precedent and the ICJ 435

9 The Balkan Trials 446

Establishing the ICTY 448

The Legal Basis of the ICTY and ICTR 451

How the ICTY Operates 460

The Tadic Case 469

Individual Responsibility 476

The Rwanda Tribunal (ICTR) 483

The Milosevic Trial 486

Karadzic, Mladic and the ICTY Legacy 495

10 The International Criminal Court 502

Rome 1998: The Politics 503

Rome 1998: The Statute 508

International Crimes (Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes) 512

Criminal Law Principles 522

The Court (Jurisdiction, Complementarity, Composition) 525

The Trial (Prosecution Powers, The Hearing, Punishments, Appeals) 532

Rome 1998: The Aftermath 546

The ICC, Ten Years On 550

11 Justice in Demand 560

Lessons from Sierra Leone 563

The Killing Fields of Cambodia 574

Long Ago and Far Away: Bangladesh 580

The Case of East Timor 584

Trials of the Arab Spring 595

The Lebanon Tribunal 602

Syria - Lethal Force and the Right to Protest 603

12 Terrorism: 9/11 and Beyond 608

Enemies of Humankind? 610

Making War Means Making Law 614

Self-defence: The Ignoble Art? 619

The Road to Guantanamo Bay (Camp Justice: The Trial of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed) 628

Targeted Killings (Send in the Drones, Executing bin Laden) 640

Fair Trials for International Terrorists? (Special Military Commissions, Jury Trial, The Lockerbie Alternative, A UN Tribunal) 656

The Crime of Terrorism 668

13 Toppling Tyrants: The Case of Saddam Hussein 676

Give War a Chance 681

The Bush Doctrine and Beyond 691

Regime Change 697

The Occupation of Iraq 705

Abu Ghraib: Sadists on the Night Shift? 708

The Trial of Saddam Hussein 720

14 The Guernica Paradox: Bombing for Humanity 728

The Right of Humanitarian Intervention 733

We Bombed in Kosovo 745

Just War 755

The Responsibility to Protect (The R2P Principle, Libya and Syria - 2 R2P or not?, Sri Lanka - Getting Away with Mass Murder) 760

The Gaddafi Precedent (The Crimes of the Colonel, Resolution 1970, Resolution 1973, Tripoli or The Hague?) 767

The Aftermath - Laurent Gbagbo 780

Epilogue 784

Notes 804

Appendices 852

A: Human Rights in History 852

B: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 861

C: Ratifications of Human Rights Conventions 868

D: Excerpts from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 870

E: Excerpts from the Charter of the United Nations 883

Index 889