C大学教程 英文版PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers，the Internet and the Web 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 What Is a Computer？ 3

1.3 Computer Organization 3

1.4 Early Operating Systems 4

1.5 Personal，Distributed and Client/Server Computing 4

1.6 Machine Languages，Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 5

1.7 Fortran，COBOL，Pascal and Ada 6

1.8 History of C 6

1.9 C Standard Library 7

1.10 C＋＋ 8

1.11 Java 8

1.12 BASIC，Visual Basic，Visual C＋＋，Visual C# and.NET 9

1.13 Key Software Trend： Object Technology 9

1.14 Typical C Program Development Environment 10

1.15 Hardware Trends 12

1.16 History of the Internet 12

1.17 History of the World Wide Web 13

1.18 Notes About C and This Book 13

1.19 Web Resources 14

Chapter 2 Introduction to C Programming 25

2.1 Introduction 25

2.2 A Simple C Program： Printing a Line of Text 26

2.3 Another Simple C Program： Adding Two Integers 29

2.4 Memory Concepts 32

2.5 Arithmetic in C 33

2.6 Decision Making： Equality and Relational Operators 35

Chapter 3 Structured Program Development in C 48

3.1 Introduction 48

3.2 Algorithms 49

3.3 Pseudocode 49

3.4 Control Structures 50

3.5 The if Selection Statement 51

3.6 The if…else Selection Statement 52

3.7 The while Repetition Statement 55

3.8 Formulating Algorithms Case Study 1： Counter-Controlled Repetition 56

3.9 Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down，Stepwise Refinement Case Study 2：Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 57

3.10 Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down， Stepwise Refinement Case Study 3： Nested Control Structures 62

3.11 Assignment Operators 65

3.12 Increment and Decrement Operators 65

Chapter 4 C Program Control 82

4.1 Introduction 83

4.2 Repetition Essentials 83

4.3 Counter-Controlled Repetition 83

4.4 f o r Repetition Statement 85

4.5 for Statement： Notes and Observations 86

4.6 Examples Using the for Statement 87

4.7 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 90

4.8 do…while Repetition Statement 94

4.9 break and continue Statements 95

4.10 Logical Operators 97

4.11 Confusing Equality（==） and Assignment（=） Operators 99

4.12 Structured Programming Summary 100

Chapter 5 C Functions 115

5.1 Introduction 116

5.2 Program Modules in C 116

5.3 Math Library Functions 117

5.4 Functions 118

5.5 Function Definitions 118

5.6 Function Prototypes 121

5.7 Function Call Stack and Activation Records 123

5.8 Headers 123

5.9 Calling Functions： Call-by-Value and Call-by-Reference 124

5.10 Random Number Generation 124

5.11 Example： A Game of Chance 128

5.12 Storage Classes 131

5.13 Scope Rules 132

5.14 Recursion 135

5.15 Example Using Recursion： Fibonacci Series 137

5.16 Recursion vs.Iteration 140

Chapter 6 C Arrays 156

6.1 Introduction 156

6.2 Arrays 157

6.3 Defining Arrays 158

6.4 Array Examples 158

6.5 Passing Arrays to Functions 168

6.6 Sorting Arrays 171

6.7 Case Study： Computing Mean， Median and Mode Using Arrays 173

6.8 Searching Arrays 176

6.9 Multiple-Subscripted Arrays 180

Chapter 7 C Pointers 200

7.1 Introduction 200

7.2 Pointer Variable Definitions and Initialization 201

7.3 Pointer Operators 201

7.4 Passing Arguments to Functions by Reference 203

7.5 Using the const Qualifier with Pointers 206

7.6 Bubble Sort Using Call-by-Reference 210

7.7 sizeof Operator 213

7.8 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic 214

7.9 Relationship between Pointers and Arrays 216

7.10 Arrays of Pointers 219

7.11 Case Study： Card Shuffiing and Dealing Simulation 220

7.12 Pointers to Functions 224

Chapter 8 C Characters and Strings 243

8.1 Introduction 244

8.2 Fundamentals of Strings and Characters 244

8.3 Character-Handling Library 245

8.4 String-Conversion Functions 249

8.5 Standard Input/Output Library Functions 252

8.6 String-Manipulation Functions of the String- Handling Library 255

8.7 Comparison Functions of the String-Handling Library 257

8.8 Search Functions of the String-Handling Library 258

8.9 Memory Functions of the String-Handling Library 262

8.10 Other Functions of the String-Handling Library 265

Chapter 9 C Formatted Input/Output 277

9.1 Introduction 277

9.2 Streams 278

9.3 Formatting Output with printf 278

9.4 Printing Integers 278

9.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers 279

9.6 Printing Strings and Characters 281

9.7 Other Conversion Specifiers 281

9.8 Printing with Field Widths and Precision 282

9.9 Using Flags in the printf Format Control String 284

9.10 Printing Literals and Escape Sequences 286

9.11 Reading Formatted Input with scanf 287

Chapter 10 C Structures， Unions， Bit Manipulations and Enumerations 298

10.1 Introduction 298

10.2 Structure Definitions 299

10.3 Initializing Structures 301

10.4 Accessing Members of Structures 301

10.5 Using Structures with Functions 302

10.6 typedef 302

10.7 Example：High-Performance Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 303

10.8 Unions 305

10.9 Bitwise Operators 307

10.10 Bit Fields 313

10.11 Enumeration Constants 315

Chapter 11 C File Processing 325

11.1 Introduction 325

11.2 Data Hierarchy 326

11.3 Files and Streams 327

11.4 Creating a Sequential-Access File 327

11.5 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access File 331

11.6 Random-Access Files 335

11.7 Creating a Random-Access File 335

11.8 Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File 337

11.9 Reading Data from a Random-Access File 339

11.10 Case Study： Transaction-Processing Program 340

Chapter 12 C Data Structures 353

12.1 Introduction 353

12.2 Self-Referential Structures 354

12.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation 355

12.4 Linked Lists 355

12.5 Stacks 362

12.6 Queues 366

12.7 Trees 370

Chapter 13 C Preprocessor 394

13.1 Introduction 394

13.2 # include Preprocessor Directive 395

13.3 #define Preprocessor Directive： Symbolic Constants 395

13.4 #define Preprocessor Directive： Macros 395

13.5 Conditional Compilation 397

13.6 #error and #pragma Preprocessor Directives 398

13.7 # and # # Operators 398

13.8 Line Numbers 398

13.9 Predefined Symbolic Constants 399

13.10 Assertions 399

Chapter 14 Other C Topics 403

14.1 Introduction 403

14.2 Redirecting Input/Output on Linux/UNIX and Windows Systems 404

14.3 Variable-Length Argument Lists 404

14.4 Using Command-Line Arguments 406

14.5 Notes on Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programs 407

14.6 Program Termination with exit and atexit 408

14.7 volatile Type Qualifier 409

14.8 Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Constants 409

14.9 More on Files 410

14.10 Signal Handling 411

14.11 Dynamic Memory Allocation： Functions calloc and realloc 413

14.12 Unconditional Branching with goto 413

Chapter 15 Game Programming with the Allegro C Library 419

15.1 Introduction 420

15.2 Installing Allegro 420

15.3 A Simple Allegro Program 420

15.4 Simple Graphics： Importing Bitmaps and Blitting 421

15.5 Animation with Double Buffering 424

15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds 429

15.7 Keyboard Input 432

15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text 436

15.9 Implementing the Game of Pong 439

15.10 Timers in Allegro 444

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles 447

15.12 Other Allegro Capabilities 453

15.13 Allegro Internet and Web Resources 454

Chapter 16 Sorting： A Deeper Look 460

16.1 Introduction 460

16.2 Big O Notation 461

16.3 Selection Sort 461

16.4 Insertion Sort 464

16.5 Merge Sort 466

Chapter 17 Introduction to C99 474

17.1 Introduction 475

17.2 Support for C99 475

17.3 New C99 Headers 476

17.4 // Comments 476

17.5 Mixing Declarations and Executable Code 476

17.6 Declaring a Variable in a for Statement Header 477

17.7 Designated Initializers and Compound Literals 478

17.8 Type bool 480

17.9 Implicit in t in Function Declarations 481

17.10 Complex Numbers 482

17.11 Variable-Length Arrays 483

17.12 Other C99 Features 484

17.13 Internet and Web Resources 486

Chapter 18 C＋＋ as a Better C； Introducing Object Technology 490

18.1 Introduction 491

18.2 C＋＋ 491

18.3 A Simple Program： Adding Two Integers 491

18.4 C＋＋ Standard Library 493

18.5 Header Files 494

18.6 Inline Functions 495

18.7 References and Reference Parameters 496

18.8 Empty Parameter Lists 500

18.9 Default Arguments 500

18.10 Unary Scope Resolution Operator 501

18.11 Function Overloading 502

18.12 Function Templates 505

18.13 Introduction to Object Technology and the UML 507

18.14 Wrap-Up 510

Chapter 19 Introduction to Classes and Objects 516

19.1 Introduction 517

19.2 Classes， Objects， Member Functions and Data Members 517

19.3 Overview of the Chapter Examples 518

19.4 Defining a Class with a Member Function 518

19.5 Defining a Member Function with a Parameter 521

19.6 Data Members， set Functions and get Functions 523

19.7 Initializing Objects with Constructors 528

19.8 Placing a Class in a Separate File for Reusability 531

19.9 Separating Interface from Implementation 534

19.10 Validating Data with set Functions 538

19.11 Wrap-Up 542

Chapter 20 Classes： A Deeper Look， Part 1 548

20.1 Introduction 549

20.2 Time Class Case Study 549

20.3 Class Scope and Accessing Class Members 554

20.4 Separating Interface from Implementation 555

20.5 Access Functions and Utility Functions 556

20.6 Time Class Case Study： Constructors with Default Arguments 558

20.7 Destructors 562

20.8 When Constructors and Destructors Are Called 562

20.9 Time Class Case Study： A Subtle Trap—Returning a Reference to a private Data Member 565

20.10 Default Memberwise Assignment 567

20.11 Software Reusability 568

20.12 Wrap-Up 569

Chapter 21 Classes： A Deeper Look， Part 2 574

21.1 Introduction 575

21.2 const （Constant） Objects and const Member Functions 575

21.3 Composition： Objects as Members of Classes 582

21.4 friend Functions and friend Classes 587

21.5 Using the this Pointer 589

21.6 Dynamic Memory Management with Operators new and delete 593

21.7 static Class Members 594

21.8 Data Abstraction and Information Hiding 599

21.8.1 Example： Array Abstract Data Type 600

21.8.2 Example： String Abstract Data Type 600

21.8.3 Example： Queue Abstract Data Type 600

21.9 Container Classes and Iterators 601

21.10 Proxy Classes 601

21.11 Wrap-Up 603

Chapter 22 Operator Overloading 609

22.1 Introduction 610

22.2 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading 610

22.3 Restrictions on Operator Overloading 611

22.4 Operator Functions as Class Members vs…Global Functions 612

22.5 Overloading Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operators 613

22.6 Overloading Unary Operators 616

22.7 Overloading Binary Operators 616

22.8 Case Study： Array Class 617

22.9 Converting between Types 625

22.10 Overloading ＋＋ and — 626

22.11 explicit Constructors 627

22.12 Wrap-Up 630

Chapter 23 Object-Oriented Programming：Inheritance 639

23.1 Introduction 640

23.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 641

23.3 protected Members 642

23.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 643

23.4.1 Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class 643

23.4.2 Creating a Base PlusCommissionEmployee Class Without Using Inheritance 647

23.4.3 Creating a CommissionEmployee-BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy 651

23.4.4 CommissionEmployee-BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Data 654

23.4.5 CommissionEmployee-BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Data 659

23.5 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes 665

23.6 public， protected and private Inheritance 670

23.7 Software Engineering with Inheritance 671

23.8 Wrap-Up 672

Chapter 24 Object-Oriented Programming： Polymorphism 677

24.1 Introduction 678

24.2 Polymorphism Examples 679

24.3 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy 680

24.3.1 Invoking Base-Class Functions from Derived-Class Objects 680

24.3.2 Aiming Derived-Class Pointers at Base-Class Objects 685

24.3.3 Derived-Class Member-Function Calls via Base-Class Pointers 686

24.3.4 Virtual Functions 688

24.3.5 Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Base-Class and Derived-Class Objects and Pointers 692

24.4 Type Fields and switch Statements 692

24.5 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions 693

24.6 Case Study： Payroll System Using Polymorphism 695

24.6.1 Creating Abstract Base Class Employee 695

24.6.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee 698

24.6.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class HourlyEmployee 699

24.6.4 Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee 701

24.6.5 Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class Base Plus CommissionEmployee 702

24.6.6 Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing 704

24.7 （Optional） Polymorphism， Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding “Under the Hood” 707

24.8 Case Study： Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Tpe Information with Downcasting，dynamic_cast， typeid and type_info 710

24.9 Virtual Destructors 712

24.10 Wrap-Up 713

Chapter 25 Templates 718

25.1 Introduction 718

25.2 Function Templates 719

25.3 Overloading Function Templates 721

25.4 Class Templates 722

25.5 Nontype Parameters and Default Types for Class Templates 726

25.6 Notes on Templates and Inheritance 727

25.7 Notes on Templates and Friends 728

25.8 Notes on Templates and static Members 728

25.9 Wrap-Up 729

Chapter 26 Stream Input/Output 733

26.1 Introduction 734

26.2 Streams 734

26.2.1 Classic Streams vs.Standard Streams 735

26.2.2 iostream Library Header Files 735

26.2.3 Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects 735

26.3 Stream Output 737

26.3.1 Output of char * Variables 737

26.3.2 Character Output Using Member Function put 738

26.4 Stream Input 738

26.4.1 get and getline Member Functions 739

26.4.2 istream Member Functions peek， putback and ignore 741

26.4.3 Type-Safe I/O 741

26.5 Unformatted I/O Using read， write and gcount 741

26.6 Introduction to Stream Manipulators 742

26.6.1 Integral Stream Base： dec， oct， hex and setbase 742

26.6.2 Floating-Point Precision （precision， setprecision） 743

26.6.3 FieldWidth （width， setw） 744

26.6.4 User-Defined Output Stream Manipulators 745

26.7 Stream Format States and Stream Manipulators 746

26.7.1 Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points （showpoint） 746

26.7.2 Justification （left， right and internal） 747

26.7.3 Padding （fill， setfill） 748

26.7.4 Integral Stream Base （dec， oct， hex， showbase） 749

26.7.5 Floating-Point Numbers； Scientific and Fixed Notation （scientific， fixed） 750

26.7.6 Uppercase/Lowercase Control （uppercase） 751

26.7.7 Specifying Boolean Format （boo la lpha） 751

26.7.8 Setting and Resetting the Format State via Member Function flags 752

26.8 Stream Error States 753

26.9 Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream 754

26.10 Wrap-Up 755

Chapter 27 Exception Handling 764

27.1 Introduction 765

27.2 Exception-Handling Overview 765

27.3 Example： Handling an Attempt to Divide by Zero 766

27.4 When to Use Exception Handling 770

27.5 Rethrowing an Exception 771

27.6 Exception Specifications 772

27.7 Processing Unexpected Exceptions 773

27.8 Stack Unwinding 773

27.9 Constructors， Destructors and Exception Handling 774

27.10 Exceptions and Inheritance 775

27.11 Processing new Failures 775

27.12 Class auto ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation 778

27.13 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy 780

27.14 Other Error-Handling Techniques 781

27.15 Wrap-Up 782

Appendix A Internet and Web Resources 788

A.1 Free C/C++ Compilers and Development Tools 788

A.2 C Resource Sites 789

A.3 C99 789

A.4 C Projects， Freeware and Shareware 790

A.5 C Source Code 790

A.6 C Articles and Whitepapers 791

A.7 C Tutorials and Webcasts 791

A.8 GNOME and GLib 792

A.9 SWIG 793

A.10 Objective-C 793

A.11 C Sample Chapters and eBooks 794

A.12 C Wikis 794

A.13 C FAQs 794

A.14 C Newsgroups 795

A.15 C Blogs 795

A.16 C Downloads from Download…com 795

A.17 C Game Programming 795

A.18 Allegro Game Programming Resources 796

A.19 Jobs for C Programmers 797

A.20 Deitel C Training 798

Appendix B Operator Precedence Charts 799

Appendix C ASCII Character Set 801

Appendix D Number Systems 802

D.1 Introduction 802

D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 804

D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 805

D.4 Converting from Binary， Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 805

D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary， Octal or Hexadecimal 806

D.6 Negative Binary Numbers： Two’s Complement Notation 807

Appendix E Game Programming： Solving Sudoku 812

E.1 Introduction 812

E.2 Deitel Sudoku Resource Center 812

E.3 Solution Strategies 813

E.4 Programming Sudoku Puzzle Solvers 816

E.5 Generating New Sudoku Puzzles 816

E.6 Conclusion 818

Index 819