POLICING AND PUNISHING THE DRINKING DRIVER A STUDY OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC DETERRENCEPDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Drinking Drivers and the Criminal Justice System 1

Ways of Studying Drinking and Driving in the Context of the Criminal Justice System 2

Drinking and Driving as Crime 6

Who Is the Drinking Driver? 11

Summary 20

Chapter 2 A Model of the Deterrence Process 22

Deterrence Theory and the Deterrence Doctrine 22

Deterrence, Human Rationality, and Drinking and Driving 31

Measuring Deterrence: Gibbs' "Fundamental Problem" 44

Elaborating the Deterrence Model for Random Breath Testing 47

Elaboration of the Deterrence Model for the Study of Penalties and Reconviction Rates 60

Summary 69

Chapter 3 The Evidence for Deterrence 71

Perceptual Research 72

General Deterrence of the Drinking Driver 82

Studies of Penalties and Reconvictions 94

Summary 104

Chapter 4 Random Breath Testing in Australia 105

Trends in Road Safety 106

Alcohol Use and Drink-Driving in Australia 107

Random Breath Testing 109

RBT Boots and All: Tasmania and New South Wales 113

Summary 124

Chapter 5 The Random Breath Test Study: Research Questions and Method 126

The Research Questions 126

Method 129

Statistical Analysis 143

Chapter 6 Results of the Random Breath Test Study 147

Descriptive Analysis of the April Data 148

The Effects of Police Testing: An Area-Level Analysis 154

The Relationship Between Exposure to RBT and Perceptions of the Chances of Being Randomly Tested and Arrested for Drinking and Driving 160

Influences on Arrest Certainty: Towards a Parsimonious Model. 162

Modifications to Travel and Drinking Behaviors in the April Survey 167

Reasons for Not Drinking and Driving: Fear Versus Conscience 178

The Longitudinal Study: February and April Compared 184

Drink-Driving Between February and April 192

Perceptions and Evaluations of Penalty Severity 194

Summary of Main Results 196

Chapter 7 The Penalties Study: Research Questions and Method 201

The Research Questions 202

The Design of the Penalties Study 203

Relative and Perceived Severity of Penalty 207

Environmental Factors 213

A Typology of Convicted Offenders 214

Chapter 8 Results of the Penalties Study 216

Marginal Specific Deterrence: Reconviction Rates and Relative Severity of Penalties 216

A Typology of the Convicted Drinking Driver 220

Implications of the Penalties Study for the Deterrence Model 229

Chapter 9 Implications of the Research 233

Review of the Random Breath Text Study 233

Review of the Penalties Study 247

An Assessment of the Deterrence Model 256

Implications for Social Policy 262

Conclusion 269

References 273

Appendix 295

Author Index 305

Subject Index 311