THE FEDERAL COURTSPDF电子书下载

1. History, Function, and Organization of the Federal Judiciary 1

The Historical Context 1

The U.S. Supreme Court 3

The U.S. Courts of Appeals 13

U.S. District Courts 23

Constitutional Courts and Legislative Courts 28

The Federal Courts in the American Political System 30

Summary 33

2. Jurisdiction, Workload, and Policy-Making Boundaries 37

U.S. District Courts 37

U.S. Courts of Appeals 41

U.S. Supreme Court 43

Jurisdiction and Congressional Politics 45

Judicial Self-Restraint 47

Summary 58

3. Administrative and Staff Support in the Federal Judiciary 61

A Brief History of the Judicial Administration Movement 62

Major Administrative Support Structures 65

Personnel Support 74

Summary 86

4. The Federal Judges 89

Background Characteristics 89

Formal and Informal Qualifications 98

The Selection Process and Its Participants 102

Policy Links Between the Citizenry, the President, and the Federal Judiciary 111

The Judicial Socialization Process 121

The Retirement and Removal of Federal Judges 125

Summary 129

5. The Decision-Making Process 133

The Decision-Making Environment 133

The Legal Subculture 135

The Democratic Subculture 141

The Subcultures as Predictors 161

Summary 166

6. Decision Making: The Special Case of Collegial Courts 173

Cue Theory 174

Small-Group Analysis 176

Attitude Theory and Bloc-Formation Analysis 189

Fact Pattern Analysis 193

Summary 195

7. Implementation and Impact of Federal Judicial Policies 199

The Impact of Upper-Court Decisions on Lower Courts 200

Congressional Influences on the Implementation Process 207

Executive Influences on the Implementation Process 209

Other Implementers 212

The Impact of Judicial Policies 214

Summary 220

8. Policy Making by Federal Judges: An Attempt at Synthesis 225

The Nature of the Case or Issue 226

The Values and Orientations of the Judges 228

The Nature of the Judicial Decision-Making Process 232

The Impact of Extraneous Influences 235

Selected Bibliography 239

Index 247