PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY FOURTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

1 THE SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1

Part One The Major Constituents of Cells 9

2 THE CARBOHYDRATES.Ⅰ 9

Monosaccharides 9

3 THE CARBOHYDRATES.Ⅱ 40

Oligosaccharides 40

Polysaccharides 43

4 THE LIPIDS 57

5 THE PROTEINS.Ⅰ 87

Amino Acids 88

Peptides 107

6 THE PROTEINS.Ⅱ 116

Physical and Chemical Properties 118

Purity and Purification 134

7 THE PROTEINS.Ⅲ 138

Amino Acid Sequences and Conformation 138

8 THE PROTEINS.Ⅳ 166

Hemoproteins and Porphyrins 166

9 NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOPROTEINS 181

Part Two Catalysis 208

10 ENZYMES.Ⅰ 208

Nature and Classification 208

11 ENZYMES.Ⅱ 223

Kinetics 224

Inhibition 236

Metabolic Inhibitors 240

Control of Enzymic Activity 242

12 ENZYMES.Ⅲ 247

Specificity of Enzymes 247

Nature of Active Enzymic Sites 252

Mechanism of Enzymic Action 258

Part Three Metabolism 275

13 INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM 275

Regulatory Mechanisms 276

Experimental Approaches to the Study of Metabolism 280

14 GENERAL METABOLISM 291

Energy Considerations 291

15 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅰ 302

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 304

High Energy Phosphate Compounds 314

16 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅱ 321

Citric Acid Cycle 325

The Mitochondrion 335

Electron Transport 335

Oxidative Phosphorylation 343

17 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅲ 355

Oxidative Enzymes，Coenzymes，and Carriers 355

18 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅰ 386

Digestion and Absorption 386

Glycolysis 392

Anaplerosis 407

Reversal of Glycolysis 409

The Phosphogluconate Oxidative Pathway 415

19 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅱ 422

Hexose Interconversions 422

Polysaccharides 431

Glycogen Metabolism and the Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism 436

20 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅲ 453

Photosynthesis 453

21 LIPID METABOLISM.Ⅰ 470

Digestion and Absorption 470

Blood Lipids and Lipemia 475

Body Lipids 476

Oxidation of Fatty Acids 479

Synthesis of Fatty Acids 484

Fatty Acid Interconversions 492

Synthesis of Triglycerides 496

Regulation of Lipid Metabolism 497

22 LIPID METABOLISM.Ⅱ 507

Phospholipids 507

Sphingolipids 514

Sterol Metabolism and Its Control 516

Disturbances of Lipid Metabolism 525

23 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅰ 531

Digestion of Protein 531

Absorption of Amino Acids 534

Utilization of Inorganic Nitrogen 535

General Aspects of Amino Acid Synthesis 538

Essential Amino Acids 540

Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids 541

Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism 554

24 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅱ 563

Synthesis of Essential Amino Acids 563

25 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅲ 578

Synthesis of Peptides and Amides 578

Transamidination 581

Transmethylation 582

Porphyrin Synthesis 584

Amino Acid Decarboxylation 585

Polyamine Synthesis 591

26 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅳ 594

Glycogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids 594

Metabolic Fates of Individual Amino Acids 595

27 METABOLISM OF PURINES，PYRIMIDINES AND NUCLEOTIDES 619

28 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅰ 645

Nature of the Gene 645

DNA Synthesis 649

Relation of DNA Sequence to Protein Sequence and Structure 656

29 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅱ 661

The Gene and Protein Synthesis 661

Other Aspects of RNA Synthesis 671

The Amino Acid Code 673

Control of Protein Synthesis 683

30 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅲ 688

Genetic Variation of Protein Structure 688

Evolution of Proteins 694

Hereditary Disorders of Metabolism 699

Part Four Body Fluids and Specialized Tissues 705

31 BLOOD 705

Composition of Blood Plasma 705

Plasma Proteins 707

Blood Clotting 724

Erythrocyte and Iron Metabolism 734

Leukocyte Composition and Metabolism 753

32 CHEMISTRY OF RESPIRATION 758

33 REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE，WATER，AND ACID-BASE BALANCE 777

Fluid Compartments and Composition 777

Active Transport Processes 780

Control of Extracellular Fluid 784

Metabolism of Cellular Electrolytes 800

34 SPECIALIZED EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS 806

35 RENAL FUNCTION AND THE COMPOSITION OF URINE 828

36 MUSCLE 848

37 NERVOUS TISSUE 858

38 CONNECTIVE TISSUE 871

39 BONE； CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM 887

40 THE EYE 898

41 CELL WALLS OF PLANTS AND MICROORGANISMS 908

Part Five Biochemistry of the Endocrine Glands 917

42 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 917

43 THE THYROID AND PARATHYROIDS 922

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine 922

Calcitonin 932

Parathormone 932

44 THE GONADS 937

Androgens 937

Estrogens 944

45 THE ADRENALS 953

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 953

Adrenal Cortical Hormones 958

46 THE PANCREAS 973

Insulin 973

Glucagon 977

47 THE HYPOPHYSIS 980

The Neurohypophysis 981

Regulatory Role of the Adenohypophysis 985

Control of Secretion of the Adenohypophysis 985

Thyrotropin 986

Adrenocorticotropin 989

Gonadotropins 992

Somatotropin 995

The Sexual Cycle 998

Part Six Nutrition 1002

48 THE MAJOR NUTRIENTS 1002

49 THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 1018

50 THE LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 1048

Index 1065