PILE NEUTRON RESEARCHPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1.FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NEUTRON PHYSICS 1

1-1 The neutron 1

1-2 Properties of the neutron 2

1-3 Cross sections as nuclear area 5

1-4 Quantum mechanical analysis of neutron cross sections 7

1-5 Compound state in nuclear reactions 10

1-6 Cross sections at high energy 13

1-7 Neutron resonances 14

1-8 Principles of cross-section measurements 17

1-9 Neutron activation 21

1-10 Moderation of fast neutrons 24

1-11 Neutron diffusion 30

CHAPTER 2.THE PILE AS A NEUTRON SOURCE 35

2-1 Fission 35

2-2 Pile reproduction factor, k 40

2-3 Critical size 45

2-4 Pile reactivity 49

2-5 Types of piles 53

2-6 Distribution of fast neutrons in pile 58

2-7 Resonance neutrons 61

2-8 Thermal neutrons 66

CHAPTER 3.NEUTRON STANDARDIZATION 72

3-1 Source strength 72

3-2 Absolute neutron flux 79

3-3 Relative flux 84

3-4 Neutron temperature 89

CHAPTER 4.FAST NEUTRON RESEARCH 93

4-1 Threshold reactions in fission neutron flux 93

4-2 Measurement of threshold reactios inside pile 98

4-3 Use of fast neutrons for solid state studies 102

4-4 Fission source in thermal beam 106

4-5 Measurement of fast neutron capture cross sections 109

4-6 Use of H2（H3,n）He4 reaction 117

4-7 Photoneutron sources 120

4-8 Neutron age measurements 123

CHAPTER 5.RESONANCE NEUTRONS IN THE PILE 129

5-1 Resonance integral by activation 129

5-2 Resonance absorption integral 134

5-3 Effective resonance integral 138

5-4 Filter methods 143

CHAPTER 6.RESONANCE NEUTRON BEAMS 147

6-1 Resonance detectors 148

6-2 Resonance scatterers 152

6-3 Filtered beams 156

6-4 Crystal monochromator 159

6-5 Mechanical velocity selector （fast chopper） 165

6-6 Analysis of neutron resonances 171

CHAPTER 7.THERMAL NEUTRONS INSIDE THE PILE 179

7-1 Activation by Maxwell velocity distribution 179

7-2 Measurement of activation cross sections 182

7-3 Production of radioisotopes 188

7-4 Activation analysis 195

7-5 Absorption cross sectionsDanger coefficient method 196

7-6 Absorption cross sections Pile oscillator 201

7-7 Mass spectrometric methods 206

CHAPTER 8.NEUTRON DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS 211

8-1 Use of diffusion for measurement of small capture cross sections 211

8-2 The “sigma pile” 214

8-3 Use of thermal column as source for diffusion experiments 218

8-4 Measurement of diffusion length in beryllium 219

8-5 Exponential experiments 224

CHAPTER 9.THERMAL NEUTRON BEAMS 227

9-1 Production of thermal neutron beams 227

9-2 Cross-section measurements with Maxwell velocity distribution 235

9-3 Filters 239

9-4 Mechanical velocity selectors （“choppers”） 243

9-5 Chopper measurements with cold neutrons 249

9-6 Mechanical unonochromators 254

CHAPTER 10.NEUTRON DIFFRACTION 258

10-1 Coherence and incoherence of neutron scattering 258

10-2 Calculation of coherent and incoherent cross sections 262

10-3 Methods of neutron diffraction 266

10-4 Neutron transmission in polycrystals 269

10-5 Powder diffraction method 272

10-6 Applications of neutron diffraction 280

CHAPTER 11.NEUTRON REFRACTION, PEFLECTION, AND POLARIZATION 287

11-1 Small-angle scattering 287

11-2 Neutron mirrors 292

11-3 Determination of coherent amplitudes with mirrors 295

11-4 Refiection from magnetic mirrors 301

11-5 Balancing techniques in mirror reflection 306

11-6 Measurement of coherent neutron-proton scattering by liquid mirrors 309

11-7 Measurement of neutron-electron interaction by reflection 316

11-8 Neutron polarization 319

11-9 Production of polarized neutrons by reflection and diffraction 321

CHAPTER 12.HEALTH PHYSICS 328

12-1 Effects of radiation on tissue 328

12-2 Units and limits of radiation exposure 330

12-3 Measurement of radiation for personnel protection 334

12-4 Radiation protection for pile experiments 338

APPENDIX 1.CONSTANTS, CONVERSION FACTORS, AND FORMULAS 343

APPENDIX 2.ATOMIC MASSES 347

APPENDIX 3.THERMAL CROSS SECTIONS 349

APPENDIX 4.A SET OF EXPERIMENTS FOR A PILE PHYSICS COURSE 367

SYMBOL INDEX 376

INDEX 379