JUDGES AND LEGISLATORS: TOWARD INSTITUTIONAL COMITYPDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

Origins 1

The Colloquium 3

The Underlying Concerns 7

The Knowledge Gap and Its Consequences 8

Three Central Questions 13

The Federalist Number 86: On Relations between the Judiciary and Congress 21

Our Earlier Pronouncements 22

What Has Changed 23

Areas of Estrangement 25

A Call for All Feasible Reconciliation 28

Judges and Legislators in the New Federal System, 1789-1800 31

Formal Separation versus Informal Cooperation 33

Institution versus Individuals 36

Judicial-Congressional Relations 43

Insights from History 52

A Judicious Legislator’s Lexicon to the Federal Judiciary 54

The Federal Judiciary 54

Legislative and Judicial Branch Relations: Problems and Opportunities 77

Conclusion 87

What Judges Ought to Know about Lawmaking in Congress 90

Who Are the Lawmakers? 91

The Work Environment 96

Handling the Legislative Agenda 102

The Character of Congressional Enactments 112

Conclusion 115

Observations of a State Court Judge 117

Distinguishing Characteristics of the States 117

Diverse Judicial Relationships with the Legislature 119

Norms 122

Possible Improvements 125

Judicial-Legislative Relations in England 129

The Lord Chancellor 130

The Judicial Function 134

The Making of Legislation 146

The Drafting of Legislation 155

Conclusions 161

Summary of Proceedings 162

Prudential and Constitutional Concerns 162

Legislative and Judicial Capacity 166

Improvements 176

The Continuing Challenge 180

Ground Rules for Communication 181

Understanding the Legislative Process and Legislative History 183

Mechanisms for Improving Judicial-Congressional Relations 185

Conclusion 189

Contributors 191

Conference Participants 193

Index 195