CONTRACTING WITH SOVEREIGNTY STATE CONTRACTS AND INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATIONPDF电子书下载

1.Introduction 1

1.1 The Topic 1

1.2 Approach—International Law as‘Process’ 4

1.3 Arbitral Practice as a Source of Law 6

1.4 Interpretation—Applied and Constructed Ratio 8

1.5 Materials 9

2.History and Development—A Hybrid Genealogy 12

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Investment Protection under Classical International Law— The Doctrine of Diplomatic Protection 13

2.3 Mixed Claims Commissions 19

2.4 Internationalised Commercial Arbitration 24

2.5 Convergence of Practices—Showing the Way to Contemporary ‘Investment Treaty Arbitration’ 41

3.A Theoretical Discourse—Conceptualising the Applicability of International Law to State Contracts 45

3.1 International Law and State Contracts—Challenging Traditional Doctrine 45

3.2 The Concept of Internationalisation 47

3.3 Conflicting Perspectives of International Law 58

3.4 The Applicability of International Law to State Contracts— A Reconceptualisation 69

3.5 The Authority of Arbitral Tribunals to Apply International Law 85

4.Procedural Aspects—Jurisdiction and Enforceability 97

4.1 Introduction 97

4.2 International Commercial Arbitration—Detaching Arbitral Authority from Municipal Law 97

4.3 Jurisdiction and Enforcement under the ICSID Convention 119

4.4 Investment Treaty Jurisdiction over Contract Claims 126

4.5 Overlapping jurisdictions—Contractual jurisdiction Clauses and Investment Treaty Jurisdiction 144

5.Substantive Principles Applicable to Contract Claims— The Concept of ‘Legitimate Expectations’ 159

5.1 Introduction 159

5.2 Contract Claims and the ‘Expropriation Standard’ 161

5.3 Umbrella Clauses—Elevating Contract Claims into Treaty Claims 177

5.4 Protection of Legitimate Expectations under the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard 192

5.5 Customary International Law—The Internationalised Contract and Protection of Acquired Rights 205

5.6 The Compensation Standard 221

6.Contractual Restriction of Public Powers 238

6.1 Sovereignty and Commitment 238

6.2 The Notion of Sovereignty 240

6.3 Permanent Sovereignty and the Right to Expropriate Foreign Investment 245

6.4 ‘Police Powers’ and Protection of Legitimate Expectations 261

6.5 Reserved Powers as a Principle of Interpretation 273

7.Summary and Final Comments 283

7.1 Introduction 283

7.2 The International Legal Process of Contract Claims— Summary of Chapters 2， 3 and 4 283

7.3 Substantive Law and Teleology—Summary of Chapters 5 and 6 286

7.4 A Concluding Comment 290

Bibliography 295

Index 311