Torts in private international lawPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1: General Introduction 1

Notes to Chapter 1 3

PART Ⅰ Historical Development 5

CHAPTER 2: The Lex Fori 5

1. Introduction 5

2. The Lex Fori in Nineteenth Century Writings 5

(a) Wachter 5

(b) Savigny 7

3. The Lex Fori in Early English Practice 8

4. The Lex Fori in the Early Practice in the United States of America 11

5. The Lex Fori in the Early Practice of Continental Europe 14

6. Conclusion 16

Notes to Chapter 2 16

CHAPTER 3: The Lex Loci Delicti 23

1. Introduction 23

2. The Lex Loci Delicti in Early Legal Writing 23

3. The Lex Loci Delicti in Early English Practice 25

4. The Lex Loci Delicti in the Early Practice of the United States of America 30

5. The Lex Loci Delicti in the Early Practice of Continental Europe 34

6. Conclusion 36

Notes to Chapter 3 36

PART Ⅱ The Operation of the Traditional Rules for Choice of Law in Tort 45

CHAPTER 4: The Traditional English Rule 45

1. Introduction 45

2. The Nature of the Rule in Phillips v. Eyre 45

(a) The First Limb of the Rule in Phillips v. Eyre is a Rule of Jurisdiction 46

(b) Both Limbs of the Rule in Phillips v. Eyre Relate to Jurisdiction 48

3. The First Limb of the Rule in Phillips v. Eyre 50

4. The Second Limb of the Rule in Phillips v. Eyre 55

(a) Before Chaplin v. Boys 55

(b) After Chaplin v. Boys 62

5. Policy and the Traditional English Rule 68

Notes to Chapter 4 71

CHAPTER 5: The Lex Loci Delicti 80

1. Introduction 80

2. Theoretical Foundations 80

3. General Survey of the Operation of the Lex Loci Rule 85

4. Direct Limitations on the Operation of the Traditional Rule 88

(a) Common'Personal Law'of Parties 88

(b) Reservation of Lex Fori in Favour of One Party 92

(c) Jurisdictional Limitations 93

(d) Proof of Foreign Law 95

(e) Public Policy 96

(f) Civil Plaintiff in Criminal Proceedings 100

5. Policy and the Traditional Place of Wrong Rule 100

Notes to Chapter 5 104

CHAPTER 6: The Place of a Tort 111

1. Introduction 111

2. The Place of Acting 113

(a) Policy Considerations 113

(b) Writing and Practice 114

3. The 'Last Event' Doctrine and the Place of Harm 118

(a) Policy Considerations 118

(b) Writing and Practice 120

4. An Elective Solution 124

(a) Policy Considerations 124

(b) Writing and Practice 125

5. The Place of the 'Substance of the Wrongdoing' 127

6. Conclusion 132

Notes to Chapter 6 133

CHAPTER 7: The Scope of the Traditional Rules I: Liability and Parties 138

1. Introduction 138

2. Existence and Basis of Liability 138

3. The Proper Plaintiff 141

(a) General Remarks 142

(b) Fatal Accidents (Wrongful Death) 143

(c) Survival of the Deceased Victim's Right of Action against the Tortfeasor 144

(d) Assignment of Victim's Claim against Tortfeasor 147

(e) Subrogation of Insurer to Rights of Insured 148

4. The Proper Defendant 148

(a) General Remarks 148

(b) Vicarious Liability 150

(Ⅰ) General Remarks 150

(Ⅱ) Family Relationships 150

(Ⅲ) Business Relationships 152

(c) Capacity and Immunities 154

(Ⅰ) Capacity in General 154

(Ⅱ) Intra-Family Immunities 155

(Ⅲ) Charitable Immunities 159

(Ⅳ) Immunity of Host from Suit by Guest 159

(d) Survival of Plaintiff's Claim against Deceased Tortfeasor 161

(e) Direct Action against Insurer of Tortfeasor 163

Notes to Chapter 7 166

CHAPTER 8: The Scope of the Traditional Rules Ⅱ: Burden of Proof; Defences; Remedies; Joint Torts 174

1. The Burden of Proof and Presumptions 174

(a) Burden of Proof 174

(b) Presumptions 178

2. Defences 179

(a) General Remarks 179

(b) Contributory Negligence 180

(c) Limitation of Actions 184

(d) Contractual Defences to Tortious Claims 187

3. Remedies 195

(a) General Remarks 195

(b) Damages 196

(Ⅰ) Remoteness of Damage and Heads of Damage 197

(Ⅱ) The Duty to Mitigate Damage 200

(Ⅲ) Financial Limitations on the Amount of Damages Recoverable 200

(Ⅳ) The Form of an Award of Damages 202

(Ⅴ) The Quantification of Damages 204

(Ⅵ) The Currency of an Award 206

4. Joint Torts 208

(a) Joint Liability 208

(b) Contribution and Indemnity 209

(c) Releases 210

Notes to Chapter 8 210

PART Ⅲ New Developments 219

CHAPTER 9: American Developments in Choice of Law in Tort 219

1. Introduction 219

2. The Transition from an Orthodox Approach to Choice of Law in Torts 219

(a) Patterns in the Case Law 219

(b) Patterns in Legal Writing 222

3. The Transition Accomplished: Babcock v. Jackson 229

4. 'True' and 'False' Conflicts 235

5. Governmental Interest Analysis: Some Illustrative Examples 241

(a) The Parties' Common Residence or Domicile or Both 241

(b) The Plaintiff's Residence or Domicile or Both 244

(c) The Defendant's Residence or Domicile or Both 248

(d) The Lex Loci Delicti 251

(e) The Forum 253

6. Cavers' Principles of Preference 255

7. The Second Restatement 259

8. Leflar's Choice-Influencing Considerations 263

9. Conclusion 267

Notes to Chapter 9 268

CHAPTER10: Developments in Anglo-Commonwealth and Continental Law 278

1. Introduction 278

2. Genesis in England - Chaplin v. Boys 278

(a) Background 278

(b) Chaplin v. Boys 281

(c) The Views of Lords Hodson and Wilberforce 283

3. The Scope of the New Approach 285

(a) The Situation where the Parties have a Common Place of Residence 286

(b) The Situation where the Plaintiff is Resident in the Forum State and the Defendant is Resident in the Locus Delicti 287

(c) The Situation where the Defendant is Resident in the Forum State and the Plaintiff is Resident in the Locus Delicti 288

(d) The Situation where the Plaintiff and the Defendant do not Possess a Common Residence and Neither Party is Resident in the Forum State or the Locus Delicti 289

(e) The Range of Connecting Factors Justifying Invocation of the Exception 289

(f) The Relevance of the Issue in the Case 291

(g) Torts Committed in England 294 (h) A Critique and a Proposal 295

4. Judicial Reception of Chaplin v. Boys in Australia and Canada 299

5. Some Continental Developments in the Choice of Tort Law 305

(a) General Remarks 305

(b) Specific Legislative Provisions 307

(Ⅰ) The Basic Rule 307

(Ⅱ) Exceptions to the Basic Rule 309

6. Conclusion 310

Notes to Chapter 10 311

PART Ⅳ The Unification of the Private International Law of Tort 321

CHAPTER11: The Unification of the Private International Law of Tort 321

1. Introduction 321

2. Possible Approaches to Unification of the Private International Law of Tort 324

3. An Approach Analogous to the Restatement, Second 325

4. A Basic Rule and a Proper Law Exception: The Approach of the E.E.C. Draft Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual and Non-Contractual Obligations 326

(a) General Scope of Tortious Provisions 327

(b) The Basic Rule 329

(c) The Exception 330

(Ⅰ) When is the Exception to be Invoked? 330

(Ⅱ) The Nature of the Exceptional Rule 331

(d) The Scope of the Applicable Law: Article 11 333

(e) Conclusion 335

5. Another Variant on the Lex Loci Delicti with Exceptions: The Resolution of the Institute of International Law, 1969 336

6. The Approach of the Hague Conference on Private International Law 338

(a) The Convention on the Law Applicable to Traffic Accidents 339

(Ⅰ) The Applicable Law 339

(Ⅱ) The Scope of the Convention 340

(Ⅲ) Conclusion 341

(b) The Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability 341

(Ⅰ) The Applicable Law 341

(Ⅱ) Scope of the Convention 342

(Ⅲ) Conclusion 343

7. A Mixed Solution 343

8. Conclusion 345

Notes to Chapter 11 346

APPENDIX A: The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Traffic Accidents 1968 353

APPENDIX B: The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability 1972 357

Bibliography 361

Table of Cases 373

Table of Legislation, Conventions and Quasi-Legislative Documents 388

Subject Index 396