LLOYD'S INTRODUTION TO JURISPRUENCEPDF电子书下载

1. NATURE OF JURISPRUDENCE 1

What is Jurisprudence? 1

The Relevance of Jurisprudence 2

Acquiring Social Knowledge 5

Normative Character of Law 11

"Ought" and "Is" 11

Form (or Structure) and Content 13

Philosophy of Law? 13

The Need for a Comprehensive Jurisprudence 14

Jurisprudence Today 15

EXTRACTS 19

The Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence&J. Austin 19

Some Jobs for Jurisprudence&W.L. Twining 21

Legalism&J. Shklar 24

A Treatise of Human Nature&D. Hume 28

The Poverty of Historicism&K. Popper 28

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions&T.S. Kuhn 30

Seven Theories of Human Society&T. Campbell 36

2. MEANING OF LAW 39

The Nature of Definitions 39

"Naming a Thing" 39

"Essentialism" 40

Analysis of Words or Fact 42

Are Definitions Unnecessary? 42

Ideological Factors 43

Criterion of Validity 44

Law and Regularity 46

Law and Morals 47

Morals as Part of Law 49

Law and Value Judgements 50

EXTRACTS 51

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers&L.L. Fuller 51

International Law and the Controversy Concerning the Word "Law"&G. Williams 64

Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence&H.L.A. Hart 65

The Nature of Law&R. Wollheim 67

The Problem about the Nature of Law&J. Raz 69

Choosing a Legal Theory on Moral Grounds&P. Soper 80

Evaluation and the Description of Law&J. Finnis 87

Ethics in the Public Domain&J. Raz 88

3. NATURAL LAW 89

What is Natural Law? 90

The Attractions of Natural Law 96

Greek Origins 103

Jus Gentium 104

Medieval Period 105

Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation 107

Grotius and International Law 110

Natural Law and the Social Contract 111

Kant and Human Freedom 118

The Enlightenment 120

Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 123

Fuller and the Morality of Law 124

Hart on Natural Law 129

Finnis and the Restatement of Natural Law 132

Conclusion 139

EXTRACTS 140

Nicomachean Ethics&Aristotle 140

De Re Publica&Cicero 140

Institutes&Justinian 141

Summa Theologica&Aquinas 142

Leviathan&T. Hobbes 146

Two Treatises of Government&Locke 148

The Social Contract&J.J. Rousseau 150

Man and the State&J. Maritain 154

Natural Rights&M. MacDonald 156

The Morality of Law&L.L. Fuller 157

Natural Law and Natural Rights&J.M. Finnis 171

The First Moral Principle&J. Finnis, J. Boyle, G. Grisez 192

Some Anthropological Considerations Concerning Natural Law&Margaret Mead 196

4. BENTHAM, AUSTIN AND CLASSICAL POSITIVISM 199

Sovereignty and its Origins 199

Bentham and the Utilitarians 200

Bentham's "Of Laws in General" 203

Austin 207

Conclusion 220

EXTRACTS 221

A Fragment on Government&J. Bentham 221

An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation&J. Bentham 221

Of Laws in General&J. Bentham 224

The Province of Jurisprudence Determined&J. Austin 242

5. PURE THORY OF LAW 255

Normativism 256

The Pure Science of Law 257

Norms and the Basic Norm 258

Hierarchy of Norms and Law-making Process 260

Sanctions 261

Critique 263

The Basic Norm 264

International Law 270

The Rule of Recognition: A Comparison 271

International Law and Sanctions 273

Law and Fact 274

Non-legal Norms 275

Conclusion 276

EXTRACTS 276

The Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 276

General Theory of Law and State&H. Kelsen 282

Professor Stone and the Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 289

The Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 291

The Function of a Constitution&H. Kelsen 302

The Purity of the Pure Theory&J. Raz 308

Continental Normativism and its British Counterpart: How Different are they?&Stanley L. Paulson 318

6. MODERN TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL AND NORMATIVE JURISPRUDENCE 331

Hart's Concept of Law 335

An Outline of Hart's Jurisprudence 336

The "Internal Aspect" of Law 339

The Rule of Recognition 342

Is Law A System of Rules? 346

Raz and Reasons for Action 350

Rights 353

The Nature of Rights 353

Hohfeld's Analysis of Rights 355

The Obligation to Obey the Law 358

The Legal Enforcement of Morality 362

EXTRACTS 367

Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals&H.L.A. Hart 367

Positivism and Fidelity to Law - a Reply to Professor Hart&L.L. Fuller 370

A Defence of Radbruch's Formula&R. Alexy 374

Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence&H.L.A. Hart 391

Contemporary Legal Philosophy: the Rediscovery of Practical Reason&N. MacCormick 396

Practical Reason and Norms&J. Raz 409

Authority, Law and Morality&J. Raz 412

Inclusive Legal Positivism&J. Coleman 430

Positivism as Pariah&F. Schauer 441

Hart's Methodological Positivism&S. Perry 451

How Moral Principles Can Enter the Law&M. Kramer 481

A Very British Revolution&Sir Neil MacCormick 497

Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning&W.N. Hohfeld 510

The Ethics of Legalism&N. MacCormick 515

7. THEORIES OF JUSTICE 523

Introduction 523

Rawls and Distributive Justice 523

Nozick: Justice as Entitlement 534

Justice as Rights 540

Feminism as Justice 548

Economic Theories of Law and Justice 557

Corrective Justice 564

EXTRACTS 566

A Theory of Justice&John Rawls 566

Political Liberalism&John Rawls 577

The Law of Peoples&John Rawls 585

Anarchy, State and Utopia&R. Nozick 590

A Trump over Utility&Ronald Dworkin 593

What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources&R. Dworkin 603

Defining Injustice as Domination and Oppression&I.M. Young 614

The Faces of Oppression&I.M. Young 618

Justice as Fairness: For Whom?&S.M. Okin 629

Three Distributive Principles&M. Walzer 639

The Ethical and Political Basis of Wealth Maximization&R. Posner 647

8. SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND THE SOCIOLOGY OF LAW 659

Introduction 659

Comte and Sociology 660

Laissez Faire and Herbert Spencer 661

Jhering (1818-1892) 662

Max Weber (1864-1920) 662

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) 666

Eugen Ehrlich (1862-1922) 670

Roscoe Pound (1870-1964) 672

Sociological Jurisprudence since Pound 678

Lasswell and McDougal 679

Talcott Parsons 681

Selznick 682

Towards a Sociology of Law 683

Unger and the Development of Modern Law 691

Habermas and the Centrality of Law 693

Critical Empiricism 697

Autopoiesis and Law 700

EXTRACTS 703

Law as Means to an End&R. von Jhering 703

Economy and Society&M. Weber 705

The Division of Labour in Society&E. Durkheim 714

Principles of the Sociology of Law&E. Ehrlich 717

Philosophy of Law&R. Pound 721

Outlines of Jurisprudence&R. Pound 723

Contemporary Juristic Theory&R. Pound 724

The Sociology of Law&P. Selznick 727

Law in Modern Society&R.M. Unger 732

Dichotomy and Contradiction in the Sociology of Law&A. Hunt 737

The Significance of a Concept of Law Not Restricted to State Law&R. Cotterrell 744

Why Must Legal Ideas be Interpreted Sociologically?&R. Cotterell 747

Blinding Insights? The Limits of a Reflexive Sociology of Law&D. Nelken 759

Back to the Future: The Short Happy Life of the Law and Society Movement&D.M. Trubek 766

Critical Traditions in Law and Society Research&S. Silbey ＆ A. Sarat 774

Operational Closure and Structural Coupling: The Differentiation of the Legal System&N. Luhmann 779

A Social Theory of State Law&B. Tamanaha 787

Between Facts and Norms: An Author's Reflections&J. Habermas 794

9. AMERICAN REALISM 799

The "Revolt against Formalism" 799

Mr Justice Holmes 800

The American Legal System 802

The "Realist" Movement in Law 802

Factskeptics and Ruleskeptics 803

Llewellyn on Institutopns and "LawJobs" 805

The Common Law Tradition 806

Scientific and Normative Laws 810

Realism: An Assessment 811

Post Realism 813

Jurimetrics 813

Judicial Behaviouralism 815

Pragmatism in Law 817

Legal Process 819

EXTRACTS 821

The Bad Man Revisited&W. Twining 821

Law and the Modern Mind&J. Frank 827

Some Realism About Realism&K. Llewellyn 830

My Philosophy of Law&K. Llewellyn 834

The Common Law Tradition&K. Llewellyn 840

The Significance of Realism&W. Twining 848

10. THE SCANDINAVIAN REALISTS 855

Axel Hagerstrom (1868-1939) 856

Law as Fact 858

Ross's Theory of Law 860

The "Verifiability" Principle 863

Origin of Law 866

"Reductionism" and Legal Concepts 866

Features of Law 867

Law and Morals 868

Legal Ideology - the Method of Justice v. Social Welfare 869

Scandinavian and American Realism 872

EXTRACTS 872

Inquiries into the Nature of Law and Morals&Axel Hagerstrom 872

Law as Fact&K. Olivecrona 877

Legal Language and Reality&K. Olivecrona 885

Legal Thinking Revised&A.V. Lundstedt 888

On Law and Justice&A. Ross 890

Directives and Norms&A. Ross 893

Tutu&A. Ross 899

11. HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE 903

The Romantic Reaction 903

Herder and Hegel 903

The German Historical School 904

F.K. von Savigny (1779-1861) 905

The Volkgeist - Some Problems 906

Legislation and Juristenrecht 907

Sir Henry Maine (1822-1888) 908

Law and Anthropology 910

Dispute Processes 916

Legal Pluralism 919

EXTRACTS 921

System of Modern Roman Law&F.K. von Savigny 921

Ancient Law&Sir Henry Maine 925

The Law of Primitive Man&E.A. Hoebel 928

Judicial Process among the Barotse&M. Gluckman 933

Human Interaction and the Law&L.L. Fuller 936

The Differing Realms of the Law&Paul Bohannan 946

The Rule of Law versus the Order of Custom&S. Diamond 949

12. MARXIST THEORIES OF LAW AND STATE 953

Dialectics, Hegel and Marx 954

Marx and Hegel's Political Philosophy 955

The Materialist Conception of History 956

Base and Superstructure 958

The Question of Class 964

Marx and Ideology 965

The State and Law 969

Marx and Justice, Morality and Human Rights 972

The "Withering Away" of the State 977

Other Marxisms 979

Karl Renner 979

Antonio Gramsci 981

The Frankfurt School 982

Pashukanis 982

Marxist Theories of Law and State - a Critique 986

EXTRACTS 990

Philosophy of Right&F.Hegel 990

Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right&K. Marx 991

Preface to Contribution to Critique of Political Economy&K. Marx 992

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 993

The Housing Question&F. Engels 994

Karl Marx's Theory of History&G.A. Cohen 995

Can the Base be Distinguished from the Superstructure?&S. Lukes 999

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 1004

Preface to The Critique of Political Economy&K. Marx 1005

Capital&K. Marx 1005

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 1013

Whigs and Hunters&E.P.Thompson 1013

The Civil War in France&K. Marx 1019

Critique of the Gotha Programme&K. Marx 1020

Anti-Duhring&F. Engels 1021

State and Revolution&V. Lenin 1022

The Institutions of Private Law and their Social Functions&K. Renner 1023

Law and Marxism&E. Pashukanis 1031

13. CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES 1040

Critical Legal Studies and Liberalism's Contradictions 1041

Rules and Reasoning 1046

Critical Legal Studies and Legal Practice 1048

Legal Theory and Social Theory 1051

Conclusion 1055

EXTRACTS 1056

Law and Ideology&R.W. Gordon 1056

New Developments in Legal Theory&R.W. Gordon 1063

The Structure of Blackstone's Commentaries&D. Kennedy 1067

Reification in Legal Reasoning&P. Gabel 1073

Interpretive Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law&M. Kelman 1081

An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine&C. Dalton 1093

The Ideological Content of Legal Education&D. Kennedy 1104

The Spell of Rationalizing Legal Analysis&R.M. Unger 1108

14. FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE 1122

Origins 1122

The Inquiries of Feminist Jurisprudence 1124

Equality and Difference 1127

Women and Ideology 1129

The Public and the Private| 1130

Cultural Pluralism and Women's Rights 1132

Feminist Legal Methods 1134

EXTRACTS 1137

The Emergence of Feminist Jurisprudence: An essay&A.C. Scales 1137

Feminism and the Limits of Equality&Patricia A. Cain 1149

Jurisprudence and Gender&R. West 1157

Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination&C.A. MacKinnon 1175

Reconstructing Sexual Equality&C.A. Littleton 1184

Feminist Legal Methods&K.T. Bartlett 1197

Breaking Women's Silence in Law: The Dilemma of the Gendered Nature of Legal Reasoning&L.M. Finley 1215

The Feminist Challenge to Conventional Legal Scholarship&N. Lacey 1225

Truth, Justice and the Pursuit(s) of Feminism&J. Conaghan 1238

Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?&Susan Moller Okin 1245

15. POSTMODERNIST JURISPRUDENCE 1253

Postmodernism and Modernism 1253

The Death of the Subject 1253

The "Subject" and the Legal System 1254

A Political Agenda 1257

Postmodern Law: Postmodern State 1259

Semiotics and Legal Theory 1261

EXTRACTS 1264

Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism?&J.F. Lyotard 1264

Postmodern Identity and the Legal Subject&J. Wicke 1271

Normativity and the Politics of Form&P. Schlag 1283

Understanding Legal Understanding: The Legal Subject and the Problem of Legal Coherence&J.M. Balkin 1292

The Postmodern Transition: Law and Politics&B. de Sousa Santos 1308

"A Weil-Founded Fear of Justice": Law and Ethics in Postmodernity&C. Douzinas and R. Warrington 1316

Postmodern Jurisprudence: The Truth of Propositions of Law&D. Patterson 1325

16. CRITICAL RACE THEORY 1335

Introduction 1335

The Other Movements 1337

EXTRACTS 1339

Race Consciousness: The Thematic Content of Racial Distinctiveness in Critical Race Scholarship&R. D. Barnes 1339

Critical Race Theory: An Annotated Bibliography&R. Delgado and J. Stefancic 1342

The Jurisprudence of Reconstruction&A. Harris 1343

The Legal Academy and Minority Scholars&Milner S. Ball 1350

Race, Reform and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Anti-Discrimination Law&Kimberle Crenshaw 1351

Celebrating LatCrit Theory: What Do We Do When the Music Stops?&Kevin R. Johnson 1367

LatCrit as Liberation Theory&Berta Esperanza Hernandez-Truyol 1370

17. THEORIES OF ADJUDICATION 1375

The Nature of Legal Sources 1375

The Institution of Adjudication 1377

Stare Decisis 1380

Why Precedent? 1387

Judges and Discretion 1389

Dworkin and "hard cases" 1391

Dworkin and Discretion 1393

Dworkin and Interpretation 1394

Law as Integrity 1396

One Right Answer? 1398

Integrity and Legitimacy 1399

Right Answers and Wrong Answers 1402

Judge-Made Law 1403

Judicial Reasoning 1406

Statutory Construction 1410

Statutory Construction and Democracy 1419

EXTRACTS 1422

Lectures on Jurisprudence&J. Austin 1422

Problems of the Philosophy of Law&H.L.A. Hart 1423

Taking Rights Seriously&R. Dworkin 1429

Law as Interpretation&R. Dworkin 1439

Law's Empire&R. Dworkin 1447

Nature of the Judicial Process&B. Cardozo 1467

Language and the Law&G. Williams 1470

Gods&J. Wisdom 1473

Formal Justice and the Form of Legal Arguments&D.N. MacCormick 1475

An Introduction to Legal Reasoning&E.H. Levi 1478

Social Policy and Judicial Legislation&R. Sartorius 1481

The Right Answer Thesis&T. Endicott Dworkin 1483

The Arguments Against Legal Principles&L. Alexander and K. Kress 1491

Index of Authors 1505

Index of Subjects 1513