CENTRAL ISSUES IN JURISPRUDENCE JUSTICEPDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

Doctrine and Theory 3

The Centrality of Jurisprudence 6

Introduction to Part 1: Justice 9

Subjectivism 11

Other Options 13

Neutrality 14

1.Utilitarianism 17

Why Be a Utilitarian? 19

Liberalism, Utility and Moral Neutrality 21

Uncertainty 25

Consequences 26

Utility and Distribution 29

Act and Rule Utilitarianism 35

Rule Utilitarianism as a Jurisprudential Theory 37

Liberalism and Preferences 40

Rights and Utility 44

Selected reading 45

2.Rawls 47

Introduction 47

Reflective Equilibrium 49

The Original Position 52

The Basic Structure 58

Criticism of Utilitarianism 62

The Thin Theory of the Good 66

Two Principles 69

The Difference Principle 69

Choosing the Difference Principle 74

Greater Equality? 77

The First Principle of Justice 79

Political Liberalism 84

Selected reading 90

3.Nozick 91

An Arbitrary Starting Point? 93

Comparison with Rawls 96

Principles of Acquisition 97

Pale Self-Ownership 101

Patterned Distribution and Historical Entitlement 103

Markets and Equality 106

Giving Content to Rights 108

Selected reading 111

4.Finnis on Objective Goods 113

Goods and Desires 114

Objective Goods 116

Goods and Human Nature 119

Prudence and Morality 120

Incommensurability of Goods 123

The Common Good 125

The Role of Choice 126

Justice 129

Basic Rights 131

Law 134

Selected reading 135

Introduction to Part 2: Law 137

Natural Law and Legal Positivism 141

5.Hart 145

Legal Positivism 145

What Positivists Do and Do Not Claim 146

Normativity and Reductionism 149

Rules and the Internal Point of View 151

Powers and Secondary Rules 154

The Legal System 157

Adjudication 160

Distinguishing Cases 164

Legal Obligation and the Internal Point of View 167

A Different Positivism? 170

Rules and Formal Justice 174

The Minimum Content of Natural Law 176

The Nature of Conceptual Analysis 180

Hart’s Theory as Political Philosophy 185

Legal Doctrine and Legal Theory 191

Selected reading 197

6.Dworkin 199

Rules and Principles 200

Principles and Positivism 202

The rule of Recognition and the Soundest Theory 206

Constructive Interpretation 209

Semantic Theories 216

Some Scepticisms 221

The “Threshold Objection” 224

Choosing a Legal Theory 228

Law as Integrity 231

Order, Theory and Community 237

Selected reading 240

7.Fuller 241

The Story of Rex 241

Facts, Values and Purposes 249

Conceptual Structure 252

Moral Purposes 256

Wicked Regimes 260

The Value of the Rule of Law 262

Guidance by Rule and by Aspiration 266

Principle and Change 270

Selected reading 274

Part 3: Rights 275

8.The Analysis of Rights 275

Some Fundamental Ideas 276

Legal and Moral Rights 283

Hard Atoms and Soft Molecules 287

Rights as Complex and Peremptory 291

A Slight Digression 294

Hohfeld’s Analysis 295

Kantian and Hohfeldian Rights Compared 300

Internal Complexity Restored? 303

Is the Absence of a Duty a Right? 308

Internal Complexity Without Peremptory Force? 311

Rights Against Nobody? 314

Rights Against Specific Persons 316

Levels of Abstraction 317

Peremptory Force: Exclusionary or Conclusory? 318

Exclusion Upon Exclusion 320

One Set of Reasons: Two Perspectives 321

Exclusion Abandoned 323

The “Will” and “Interest” Theories 324

MacCormick’s Criticisms 330

Selected reading 332

Index 335