LLOYD'S INTRODUCTION TO JURISPRUDENCEPDF电子书下载

1. NATURE OF JURISPRUDENCE 1

What is Jurisprudence? 1

The Relevance of Jurisprudence 2

Acquiring Social Knowledge 6

Normative Character of Law 11

"Ought" and "Is" 12

Form (or Structure) and Content 13

Philosophy of Law? 13

The Need for a Comprehensive Jurisprudence 14

EXTRACTS 15

The Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence&J. Austin 15

Some Jobs for Jurisprudence&W.L. Twining 17

Legalism&J. Shklar 20

A Treatise of Human Nature&D. Hume 24

The Poverty of Historic ism&K. Popper 24

The Structure of Scientific Revolution&T.S. Kuhn 27

2. MEANING OF LAW 33

The Nature of Definitions 33

"Naming a Thing" 33

"Essentialism" 34

Analysis of Words or Fact 36

Are Definitions Unnecessary? 36

Ideological Factors 37

Criterion of Validity 38

Law and Regularity 40

Law and Morals 41

Morals as Part of Law 43

Law and Value Judgements 44

EXTRACTS 45

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers&L.L. Fuller 45

International Law and the Controversy Concerning the Word "Law"&G. Williams 58

Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence&H.L.A. Hart 59

The Nature of Law&R. Wollheim 61

The Problem about the Nature of Law&J. Raz 63

Choosing a Legal Theory on Moral Grounds&P. Soper 74

Evaluation and the Description of Law&J. Finnis 81

Ethics in the Public Domain&J. Raz 82

3. NATURAL LAW 83

What is Natural Law? 84

The Attractions of Natural Law 90

Greek Origins 97

Jus Gentium 98

Medieval Period 99

Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation 102

Grotius and International Law 105

Natural Law and the Social Contract 105

Kant and Human Freedom 113

The Enlightenment 114

Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 117

Fuller and the Morality of Law 118

Hart on Natural Law 123

Finnis and the Restatement of Natural Law 126

Murphy and Natural Law 134

Conclusion 136

EXTRACTS 137

Nicomachean Ethics&Aristotle 137

De Re Publica&Cicero 137

Institutes&Justinian 138

Summa Theologica&Aquinas 138

Leviathan&T. Hobbes 143

Two Treatises of Government&Locke 145

The Social Contract&J.J. Rousseau 147

Man and the State&J. Maritain 150

Natural Rights&M. MacDonald 152

The Morality of Law&L.L. Fuller 154

Natural Law and Natural Rights&J.M. Finnis 168

The First Moral Principle&J. Finnis, J. Boyle, G. Grisez 188

Natural Law Jurisprudence&M.C. Murphy 192

Natural Law in Jurisprudence and Politics&M.C. Murphy 208

Some Anthropological Considerations Concerning Natural Law&Margaret Mead 225

How Persuasive is Natural Law Theory?&K. Greenwalt 228

4. BENTHAM, AUSTIN AND CLASSICAL ENGLISH POSITIVISM 247

Sovereignty and its Origins 247

Bentham and the Utilitarians 248

Bentham's "Of Laws in General" 251

Austin 255

Conclusion 268

EXTRACTS 269

A Fragment on Government&J. Bentham 269

An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation&J. Bentham 270

Of Laws in General&J. Bentham 273

The Province of Jurisprudence Determined&J. Austin 291

5. THE PURE THEORY OF LAW 305

Normativism 306

The Pure Science of Law 307

Norms and the Basic Norm 308

Hierarchy of Norms and Law-making Process 310

Sanctions 311

Critique 314

The Basic Norm 314

International Law 320

The Rule of Recognition: A Comparison 321

International Law and Sanctions 323

Law and Fact 324

Non-legal Norms 325

Conclusion 326

EXTRACTS 326

The Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 326

General Theory of Law and State&H. Kelsen 332

Professor Stone and the Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 339

The Pure Theory of Law&H. Kelsen 341

The Function of a Constitution&H. Kelsen 352

The Purity of the Pure Theory&J. Raz 357

6. MODERN TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE 371

Hart's Concept of Law 375

An Outline of Hart's Jurisprudence 376

The "Internal Aspect" of Law 379

The Rule of Recognition 382

Is Law A System of Rules? 386

Raz and Reasons for Action 391

Rights 393

The Nature of Rights 394

Hohfeld's Analysis of Rights 396

Human Rights 399

The Obligation to Obey the Law 405

The Legal Enforcement of Morality 409

EXTRACTS 414

Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals&H.L A. Hart 414

Positivism and Fidelity to Law—a Reply to Professor Hart&L.L. Fuller 417

Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law&G. Radbruch 421

A Defence of Radbruch's Formula&R. Alexy 426

Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence&H.L.A. Hart 444

Contemporary Legal Philosophy: The Rediscovery of Practical Reason&N. MacCormick 449

Practical Reason and Norms&J. Raz 461

Authority, Law and Morality&J. Raz 465

Law and Obligation&S. Perry 482

Beyond The Separability Thesis: Moral Semantics and the Mythology of Jurisprudence&J.L. Coleman 490

Inclusive Legal Positivism&J. Coleman 498

Hart's Methodological Positivism&S. Perry 510

How Moral Principles Can Enter the Law&M. Kramer 539

A Very British Revolution?&Sir Neil MacCormick 556

Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning&W.N. Hohfeld 569

The Duty To Obey The Law&W. Edmundson 574

7. THEORIES OF JUSTICE 583

Introduction 583

Rawls and Distributive Justice 583

Nozick: Justice as Entitlement 595

Capabilities and the Frontiers of Justice 600

Justice as Rights 603

Feminism as Justice 612

Economic Theories of Law and Justice 620

Global Justice 627

Corrective Justice 629

EXTRACTS 632

A Theory of Justice&J. Rawls 632

Political Liberalism&J. Rawls 643

The Law of Peoples&J. Rawls 650

Anarchy, State and Utopia&R. Nozick 656

A Trump over Utility&R. Dworkin 659

What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources&R. Dworkin 668

Defining Injustice as Domination and Oppression&I.M. Young 680

Justice as Fairness: For Whom?&S.M. Okin 695

The Ethical and Political Basis of Wealth Maximization&R. Posner 705

8. DWORKIN AND INTERPRETIVISM 717

The Critic of Positivism 717

Dworkin and "Hard Cases" 719

Dworkin and Discretion 720

Dworkin and Interpretation 721

Law as Integrity 724

One Right Answer? 727

Integrity and Legitimacy 729

Right Answers and Wrong Answers 732

EXTRACTS 734

Taking Rights Seriously&R. Dworkin 734

Law as Interpretation&R. Dworkin 745

Law's Empire&R. Dworkin 752

Justice In Robes&R. Dworkin 772

Integrity: Justice in Workclothes&G. Postema 786

Integrity and Stare Decisis&S. Hershovitz 810

The Rule of Law as a Theatre of Debate&J. Waldron 815

The Arguments Against Legal Principles&L. Alexander and K. Kress 821

9. SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND THE SOCIOLOGY OF LAW 835

Introduction 835

Comte and Sociology 836

Laissez Faire and Herbert Spencer 837

Jhering (1818-1892) 838

Max Weber (1864-1920) 839

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) 843

Eugen Ehrlich (1862-1922) 847

Roscoe Pound (1870-1964) 849

Sociological Jurisprudence since Pound 854

Talcott Parsons 856

Selznick 857

Towards a Sociology of Law 858

Unger and the Development of Modern Law 865

Habermas and the Centrality of Law 868

Critical Empiricism 872

Bourdieu and Habitus 875

Autopoiesis and Law 877

EXTRACTS 880

Law as Means to an End&R. Von Jhering 880

Economy and Society&M. Weber 881

The Division of Labour in Society&E. Durkheim 890

Principles of the Sociology of Law&E. Ehrlich 894

Philosophy of Law&R. Pound 897

Outlines of Jurisprudence&R. Pound 900

Contemporary Juristic Theory&R. Pound 900

The Sociology of Law&P. Selznick 904

Dichotomy and Contradiction in the Sociology of Law&A. Hunt 909

The Significance of a Concept of Law Not Restricted to State Law&R. Cotterrell 916

Why Must Legal Ideas be Interpreted Sociologically?&R. Cotterrell 919

Blinding Insights? The Limits of a Reflexive Sociology of Law&D. Nelken 929

Back to the Future: The Short Happy Life of the Law and Society Movement&D.M. Trubek 936

Critical Traditions in Law and Society Research&S. Silbey ＆ A. Sarat 944

Operational Closure and Structural Coupling: The Differentiation of the Legal System&N. Luhmann 949

Law and Social Theory&R. Cotterrell 957

Between Facts and Norms: An Author's Reflections&J. Habermas 969

On Pierre Bourdieu's Legal Thought&M.G. Villegas 973

10. AMERICAN REALISM 985

The "Revolt against Formalism" 985

Mr Justice Holmes 986

The American Legal System 988

The "Realist" Movement in Law 988

Fact-skeptics and Rule-skeptics 989

Llewellyn on Institutions and "LawJobs" 990

The Common Law Tradition 992

Scientific and Normative Laws 996

Realism: An Assessment 997

Post Realism 1000

Jurimetrics 1000

Judicial Behaviouralism 1001

Pragmatism in Law 1004

Legal Process 1005

EXTRACTS 107

The Path of the Law&O.W. Holmes 1007

Law and the Modern Mind&J. Frank 1008

Some Realism About Realism&K. Llewellyn 1011

My Philosophy of Law&K. Llewellyn 1015

The Common Law Tradition&K. Llewellyn 1021

The Significance of Realism&W. Twining 1029

11. THE SCANDINAVIAN REALISTS 1035

Axel Hagerstrom (1868-1939) 1036

Law as Fact 1038

Ross's Theory of Law 1040

The "Verinability" Principle 1043

Origin of Law 1045

"Reductionism" and Legal Concepts 1046

Features of Law 1047

Law and Morals 1048

Legal Ideology—the Method of Justice v. Social Welfare 1049

EXTRACTS 1052

Inquiries into the Nature of Law and Morals&Axel Hagerstrom 1052

Law as Fact&K. Olivecrona 1057

On Law and Justice&A. Ross 1065

Directives and Norms&A. Ross 1068

Tutu&A. Ross 1074

12. WISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE 1077

The Romantic Reaction 1077

Herder and Hegel 1077

The German Historical School 1079

F.K. von Savigny (1779-1861) 1079

The Volksgeist—Some Problems 1080

Legislation and Juristenrecht 1081

Sir Henry Maine (1822-1888) 1082

Law and Anthropology 1084

Dispute Processes 1091

Legal Pluralism 1093

EXTRACTS 1096

System of Modern Roman Law&F.K. von Savigny 1096

Ancient Law&Sir Henry Maine 1100

The Law of Primitive Man&E.A. Hoebel 1103

Judicial Process among the Barotse&M. Gluckman 1109

Human Interaction and the Law&L.L. Fuller 1111

The Differing Realms of the Law&P. Bohannan 1121

The Rule of Law versus the Order of Custom&S. Diamond 1124

13. MARXIST THEORIES OF LAW AND STATE 1129

Dialectics, Hegel and Marx 1130

Marx and Hegel's Political Philosophy 1131

The Materialist Conception of History 1132

Base and Superstructure 1134

The Question of Class 1140

Marx and Ideology 1141

The State and Law 1145

Marx and Justice, Morality and Human Rights 1148

The "Withering Away" of the State 1153

Other Marxisms 1155

Karl Renner 1155

Antonio Gramsci 1157

Pashukanis 1157

Marxist Theories of Law and State—a Critique 1161

EXTRACTS 1166

Philosophy of Right&F.Hegel 1166

Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right&K. Marx 1167

Preface to Contribution to Critique of Political Economy&K. Marx 1167

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 1168

The Housing Question&F. Engels 1169

Karl Marx's Theory of History&G.A. Cohen 1170

Can the Base he Distinguished from the Superstructure?&S. Lukes 1175

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 1180

Preface to The Critique of Political Economy&K. Marx 1180

The German Ideology&K. Marx and F. Engels 1181

Whigs and Hunters&E.P.Thompson 1181

The Civil War in France&K. Marx 1187

Critique of the Gotha Programme&K. Marx 1188

Anti-Duhring&F. Engels 1189

State and Revolution&V.Lenin 1190

The Institutions of Private Law and their Social Functions&K. Renner 1191

Law and Marxism&E. Pashukanis 1199

14. CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES 1209

Critical Legal Studies and Liberalism's Contradictions 1210

Rules and Reasoning 1215

Critical Legal Studies and Legal Practice 1217

Legal Theory and Social Theory 1220

Conclusion 1224

EXTRACTS 1125

Law and Ideology&R.W.Gordon 1125

New Developments in Legal Theory&R.W. Gordon 1232

Reification in Legal Reasoning&P. Gabel 1236

Interpretive Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law&M. Kelman 1244

An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine&C. Dalton 1256

The Ideological Content of Legal Education&D. Kennedy 1267

The Spell of Rationalizing Legal Analysis&R.M. Unger 1271

15. FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE 1285

Origins 1285

The Inquiries of Feminist Jurisprudence 1287

Equality and Difference 1290

Women and Ideology 1292

The Public and the Private 1293

Cultural Pluralism and Women's Rights 1295

Feminist Legal Methods 1297

EXTRACTS 1300

The Emergence of Feminist Jurisprudence: An essay&A.C. Scales 1300

Feminism and the Limits of Equality&P. A. Cain 1312

Jurisprudence and Gender&R. West 1320

Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination&C.A. MacKinnon 1337

Reconstructing Sexual Equality&C.A. Littleton 1347

Feminist Legal Methods&K.T. Bartlett 1359

Breaking Women's Silence in Law: The Dilemma of the Gendered Nature of Legal Reasoning&L.M. Finley 1377

The Feminist Challenge to Conventional Legal Scholarship&N. Lacey 1387

Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?&S. Moller Okin 1400

16. POSTMODERNIST JURISPRUDENCE 1409

Postmodernism and Modernism 1409

The Death of the Subject 1410

The "Subject" and the Legal System 1411

Lawyers, their Clients and their Scholarship 1413

A Political Agenda 1414

Postmodern Law: Postmodern State 1415

Semiotics and Legal Theory 1418

EXTRACTS 1421

Answering the Question: What is Postmodern ism?&J.F. Lyotard 1421

Postmodern Identity and the Legal Subject&J. Wicke 1428

Normativity and the Politics of Form&P. Schlag 1440

Understanding Legal Understanding: The Legal Subject and the Problem of Legal Coherence&J.M. Balkin 1449

The Postmodern Transition: Law and Politics&B. de Sousa Santos 1465

"A Well-Founded Fear of Justice": Law and Ethics in Postmodernity&C. Douzinas and R. Warrington 1473

The Normality of the Exception in Democracy's Empire&P. Fitzpatrick and R. Joyce 1482

17. CRITICAL RACE THEORY 1491

Introduction 1491

The Other Movements 1493

EXTRACTS 1496

Race Consciousness: The Thematic Content of Racial Distinctiveness in Critical Race Scholarship&R. D. Barnes 1496

Critical Race Theory: An Annotated Bibliography&R. Delgado and J. Stefancic 1499

The Jurisprudence of Reconstruction&A.Harris 1500

The Legal Academy and Minority Scholars&M.S. Ball 1506

Race, Reform and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Anti-Discrimination Law&K.Crenshaw 1509

Celebrating LatCrit Theory: What Do We Do When the Music Stops?&K.R. Johnson 1523

LatCrit as Liberation Theory&B. Esperanza Hernandez-Truyol 1526

18. THEORIES OF ADJUDICATION 1531

The Nature of Legal Sources 1531

The Institution of Adjudication 1533

Stare Decisis 1536

Why Precedent? 1543

Judges and Discretion 1546

Judge-made Law 1547

Judicial Reasoning 1550

Statutory Construction 1554

Statutory Construction and Democracy 1563

EXTRACTS 1566

Problems of the Philosophy of Law&H.L.A. Hart 1566

Nature of the Judicial Process&B. Cardozo 1571

Language and the Law&G. Williams 1574

Gods&J. Wisdom 1577

Formal Justice and the Form of Legal Arguments&D.N. MacCormick 1579

An Introduction to Legal Reasoning&E.H. Levi 1582

Social Policy and Judicial Legislation&R. Sartorius 1585

Index of Authors 1589

Index of Subjects 1595