ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LEGAL PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONSPDF电子书下载

Chairman’s Introduction 1

Members of the Experts Group on Environmental Law 4

Strengthening the Legal and Institutional Framework for Environmen- tal Protection and Sustainable Development 5

Consolidated Report of the Experts Group on Environmental Law to the World Commission on Environment and Development 5

Legal Principles for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 7

1.Character and Structure of the Proposed Legal Principles 7

2.Key Terms Used 8

3.Summaries of the Legal Principles 8

Proposals for Strengthening the Legal and Institutional Framework 14

1.Establish a New Legal Basis for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 15

2.Set Up a Special UN Commission 15

3.Appoint an International “Ombudsman” 16

4.Strengthen the Existing Global and Regional Legal Framework 16

5.Increase the Capacity to Avoid and Settle Disputes 17

6.Launch New Initiative of Non-Governmental Organizations on Implementing International Agreements 18

7.Expand Participation and Standing of Non-Governmental Organizations 18

8.Extend Environmental Responsibilities of Private Enter- prises 19

9.Apply Criminal Liability for Environmental Damage 20

10.Assess Risks of New Technologies 20

11.Adopt Basic Safety and Notification Measures for Nuclear Power Installations 20

12.Increase Environmental Education and Expertise 20

13.Avoid Severe Environmental Damage from Armed Conflicts 21

Annex Ⅰ —List of Background and Discussion Papers 21

Annex Ⅱ—Final Report of the Experts Group on Environmental Law on Legal Principles for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 22

Elements for a Draft Convention on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 23

General Principles Concerning Natural Resources and Environmen- tal Interferences 25

Principles Specifically Concerning Transboundary Natural Resources and Environment Interferences 27

State Responsibility 32

Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 32

Final Report of the Experts Group on Environmental Law on Legal Principles for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 35

Use of Terms 37

General Principles Concerning Natural Resources and Environmen- tal Interferences 38

Principles Specifically Concerning Transboundary Natural Resources and Environmental Interferences 72

State Responsibility 127

Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 130

Annex—List of International Agreements and Other Instruments 133

Annex I—Selected Reference Documents 145

Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972 147

UN General Assembly Resolution on the World Charter for Nature 1982 155

OECD Principles Concerning Transfrontier Pollution 1974 161

IIL Resolution on the Use of International Non-Maritime Waters 1961 168

IIL Resolution on the Pollution of Rivers and Lakes and Interna- tional Law 1979 171

ILA Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers 1966 175

ILA Montreal Rules of International Law Applicable to Trans- frontier Pollution 1982 187

ILA Montreal Rules on Water Pollution in an International Drainage Basin 1982 189

Annex Ⅱ—Mandate of the World Commission on Environment and Development 193

Annex Ⅲ—Members of the World Commission on Environment and Development 194