LIABILITY INSURANCE IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION THE BERMUDA FORM SECOND EDITIONPDF电子书下载

1 THE LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ORIGINS OF THE BERMUDA FORM 1

Policy Forms and Liability Problems 1

United States Legal Decisions on Insurance Coverage Issues 4

The Creation of ACE and XL 10

Key Features of the Bermuda Form 12

2 THE BERMUDA FORM: ITS BASIC STRUCTURE 19

An Occurrence-Reported Form 19

The Period of Cover； Coverage A and B 21

Limits 23

The Excess Point 23

The Inception and Retroactive Coverage Dates 24

The Exclusions 25

The Conditions 25

3 CHOICE-OF-LAW ISSUES UNDER THE BERMUDA FORM 26

Identifying the Relevant Governing Law 28

4 INTERPRETATION OF THE BERMUDA FORM AND THE MODIFICATION OF NEW YORK LAW 44

The Structure of the Modification of New York Law Proviso 45

Interpretation of Insurance Contracts: The Basic Approach 47

Interpretation of the Modification of New York Law Proviso 49

The ‘Forbidden Grounds’ 52

Fruit of the Poisonous Tree? 56

5 THE COVERAGE CLAUSE 59

Insurance Against Liability 59

The Insured 61

Ultimate Net Loss/All Sums Insurance … For Damages 62

Judgments 64

Settlements by the Policyholder 67

Mitigation of Damages 74

Allocation of Payments 74

Personal Injury, Property Damage and Advertising Liability 79

Personal Injury 79

Property Damage 80

Advertising Liability 83

Other Aspects of the Coverage Clause 84

6 THE DEFINITION OF‘OCCURRENCE’ 85

Introduction 85

Occurrence:The Basic Definition 87

Aggregation 92

Expected or Intended Injury 98

7 FORTUITY,EXPECTED OR INTENDED,AND THE‘MAINTENANCE DEDUCTIBLE’ 99

Introduction 99

Fortuity and Related Doctrines 101

Expectation and Intention 103

The‘Maintenance Deductible’ 111

8 NOTICE OF OCCURRENCE 118

Introduction 118

Method of Giving Notice 120

Notice as a Condition of Coverage 121

Notice as a Trigger of Coverage:Legal and Practical Considerations 129

9 ARTICLE Ⅱ:THE EXCESS POINT AND LIMITS OF LIABILITY 135

The Excess Point 135

The‘Other Insurance’Condition 140

The‘Other Insurance’Exclusion 142

The Aggregate Limit 147

Joint Ventures,Partnerships and Minority Interests 149

10 THE EXCLUSIONS 151

Introduction 151

Interpretation of Exclusion Clauses:General Principles and 151

the Effect of the Bermuda Form‘s Modification of New York Law 151

Causation 154

The Specific Exclusions in the Bermuda Form:Introduction 162

The‘Prior to Inception or Retroactive Coverage Date’and‘Other Insurance’Exclusion 163

The‘Workers’Compensation,Etc.’ Exclusion 164

The‘Professional Services’Exclusion 165

The‘Owned-Property； Care,Custody or Control,Etc.’Exclusion 165

The‘Products Liability’Exclusions （‘Efficacy,Loss of Use,Etc.’） 173

The‘Advertising’Exclusion 185

The‘War’Exclusion 185

The‘Toxic-Substances’Exclusion 190

The‘Aircraft’Exclusion 191

The‘Watercraft’Exclusion 191

The‘Pollution Exclusion 192

The‘Nuclear’and the‘Radioactive Contamination（Outside the United States）’Exclusions 200

The‘ERISA’Exclusion 200

The‘Repetitive Stress’Exclusion 201

The‘Securities,Antitrust,Etc.’Exclusion 201

11 THE CONDITIONS 204

The Premium Condition 204

The Inspection Condition 205

The Cross Liability Condition 207

The Notice of Occurrence Condition 208

The Assistance and Cooperation Condition 208

The Appeals Condition 211

The Loss Payable Condition 212

The Representation Condition 214

The Other Insurance Condition 215

The Subrogation Condition 215

The Changes Condition 216

The Assignment Condition 216

The Cancellation Condition 218

The Currency Condition 219

The Arbitration Condition 220

The Conflicting Statutes Condition 223

The Law of Construction and Interpretation Condition 224

The Proration of Losses Condition 224

The Liability of the Company Condition 225

The Policy Extension Condition 225

The Reinstatement Condition 226

The Discovery Period Condition 228

The Expiration Date Condition 230

The Former Subsidiaries,Affiliates and Associated Companies Condition 230

The Notice Condition 231

The Headings Condition 232

12 MISREPRESENTATION AND NON-DISCLOSURE 233

Introduction:Differences between New York Law and English Law 233

Non-Disclosure under New York Law 237

Misrepresentation under New York Law 238

Remedy for Misrepresentation 247

13 WAIVER AND ESTOPPEL AND RESERVATIONS OF RIGHTS 253

Introduction 253

Waiver 254

Estoppel 259

The‘Changes’Condition in the Bermuda Form 260

14 COMMENCING A BERMUDA FORM ARBITRATION AND APPOINTING ATTORNEYS AND ARBITRATORS 263

Introduction 263

Legal Representation 263

The Commencement of Arbitration 268

The Selection of an Arbitrator 273

Appendix:Notice to Commence Arbitration 281

15 THE COURSE AND CONDUCT OF A BERMUDA FORM ARBITRATION IN LONDON 282

Introduction 282

The Overall Shape of the Arbitration 282

The ‘Pleadings’ Stage 285

The First Order for Directions 288

Confidentiality 290

Discovery of Documents 291

Preliminary Issues or‘Bifurcation’ 292

Witness Statements 293

Expert Evidence 295

Preparation for the Substantive Hearing 297

The Substantive Hearing 299

Post-Award Events 302

Appendix 1 First Order for Directions 303

Appendix 2:Protective Order 307

16 DISCOVERY,PRIVILEGE AND WAIVER OF PRIVILEGE 309

General Principles 309

Discovery in Arbitration in Practice 311

Legal Professional Privilege 315

Waiver of Privilege 322

Confidential Documents 330

Other Forms of Discovery 331

17 INTEREST AND COSTS 336

Interest 336

Costs 345

Appendix 349

English and New York Law:Sources and Legal Approach 349

English Law for New York（and Other United States）Lawyers 349

New York Law for English Lawyers 353

Cultural Differences 356

Bibliography 359

Index 363