Philosophy of lawPDF电子书下载

1 THE NATURE OF LAW: PROBLEMS 6

The Definition of "Law" 7

The Elements of Legal Systems 9

The Concept of a Legal System 12

Jural Complexity 15

Laws 17

The Validity of Law 20

Jural Agencies and Jural Activities 22

2 THE NATURE OF LAW: THEORIES 24

Legal Positivism: Austin 24

Commands and Obligations 27

The Natural Law Theory: Aquinas 30

Law and Morality 33

The Prediction Theory: Holmes 37

Laws as Norms: Kelsen 39

Rules: H. L. A. Hart 43

Fuller's Critique of Positivism 46

Legal Authority: Selznick 50

3 THE LIMITS OF LAW 52

Protected Rights 52

J. S. Mill on the Limits of Coercion 54

Legislating Morality 58

Privacy 61

Devlin on Law and Morals 64

4 PUNISHMENT: THE DETERRENCE THEORY 69

The Problem of Justification 70

The Deterrence Theory 72

The Utilitarian Theory, lb Harsh Punishments 76

Punishing the Innocent 19

5 PUNISHMENT: RETRIBUTIVISM 84

Retributivism 84

Maximal Retributivism: Kant 90

Objections to Retributivism 93

How Much Punishment? 96

Minimal Retributivism 100

Should Punishment Be Abolished? 102

6 DISPUTE SETTLING AND JUSTICE 106

Jural-like Dispute Settling 108

Adjudication 111

Conciliation 113

Therapeutic Integration 114

Legal Dispute Settling 116

Procedural Justice 118

Justice and Equality 119

Standards of Procedural Justice 122

FOR FURTHER READING 126

INDEX 131