INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSPDF电子书下载

Introduction.From Brockton and Bur-bank to Brasilia, Bombay, Brussels and British Columbia 1

The Boston Client 1

The Bartow Client 3

United States Import Remedies 4

Global Trade Law 6

Economic Status 8

Export Controls 9

Regional Trade Law 12

Chapter One.World Trade and Multina-tional Enterprises 14

Patterns of World Trade and Economic Rela-tions 16

Services Trade 17

The Rise o f Asia 18

Nontariff Trade Barriers 19

Trade Incentives 20

The Legal Framework of Trade 21

The Multinational Enterprise （MNE） 23

MNE Financial Practices: Transfer Pricing 25

The Role of Corporate Counsel to a MNE 28

A Hypothetical Day for MNE Corporate Coun-sel 30

Chapter Two.The World Trade Organi-zation （WTO） and International Monetary Fund （IMF） 32

The GATT （1947）: History and Provisions 34

Trade in Goods: Core GATT Principles 36

GATT Procedures 37

The GATT Multinational Trade Negotiations（Rounds） 39

United States Participation in Trade Negotia-tions—The USTR 41

The World Trade Organization （WTO） and GATT 1994 42

WTO Agreements and U.S.Law 44

GATT/WTO Nontariff Trade Barrier Codes 46

The WTO Agreement on Agriculture 48

The General Agreement on Trade in Services （GATS） 51

WTO Decision-Making 52

Consensus Rules 55

Admission to the WTO 56

Dispute Settlement Under WTO 57

Phase 1: Consultation 59

Phase 2: Panel establishment, investigation and report 61

Phase 3: Appellate review of the panel report 64

Phase 4: Adoption of the panel or Appellate Body decision 65

Phase 5: Implementation of the decision adopted 66

Phase 6: Compensation Option 66

Phase 7: Authorized Retaliation 67

Retaliation in Action 68

U.S.Involvement in WTO Dispute Resolution 71

The International Monetary Fund （IMF） 76

IMF Operations 77

Special Drawing Rights （SDRs） 78

The EURO Zone 80

Chapter Three.Restrictions on Imports 81

United States Trade Laws 81

U.S.Import Laws 83

The Origins of United States Tariffs 87

United States Tariff Rates 88

Column 1 Tariffs and the GATT 90

Foreign Trade Zones 91

Customs Classification 92

Customs Valuation 94

Rules of Origin 95

Generalized Tariff Preferences for Developing Nations 96

Caribbean Basin, Andean and African Trade Preferences 99

Goods Incorporating United States Compo-nents 101

Duty Free Access to the United States 103

U.S.Import Quotas and Nontariff Trade Bar-riers 104

U.S.Public Procurement 106

Buy American 107

GATT Code and U.S.Response 110

WTO Procurement Code 112

U.S.Product Standards 113

Tuna, Shrimp, Beef and GMO Disputes 114

Responses of Domestic Producers to Import Competition 115

Dumping and Antidumping Duties 118

U.S.Antidumping Law 120

Market Economy Dumping Determinations 122

Nonmarket Economy Dumping Determinations 124

U.S.Implementation of the WTO Antidump-ing Code 125

Interpretation of the WTO Antidumping Code 128

Subsidies and Countervailing Duties 129

WTO Subsidies Code 130

U.S.Countervailing Duty Law 133

Red, Yellow, Amber and Green Light Subsidies 133

Enforcement Procedures 135

U.S.Escape Clause （Safeguard） Proceedings 136

Protective Relief 138

Adjustment Assistance 140

The WTO Safeguards Agreement 141

Interpretation 141

U.S.Steel Tariffs 142

U.S.Court of International Trade 143

Chapter Four.Controls on Exports 146

U.S.Export Policy 148

The Export Administration Act and Regulations 150

The Process of Licensing Exports 152

Commerce Control List 153

Licensed Exports 154

Licensing Timetable 155

Sanctions for EAA Violations 157

Boycott Provisions and U.S.Export Laws 158

Antiboycott Provisions of U.S.Export Laws 160

Sanctions 162

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 163

1988 Amendments 164

OECD Code 165

Section 301 and Super 301 166

Section 301 Procedures 167

Super 301 169

Effect of WTO Dispute Settlement 170

Chapter Five.Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions 172

GATT Article ⅩⅩⅣ 174

Developing World Integration 176

Africa 176

Islamic World 178

Latin America and Caribbean 178

Global Proliferation of Free Trade Agreements 181

A Case Study: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） 181

Declarations and Summits 183

ASEAN Trade Rules and Industrial Projects 185

Freer Trade 186

International Impact 187

ASEAN Complementation Schemes and Joint Ventures 189

Complementation Schemes 189

Joint Ventures 191

East Asian Integration 192

Chapter Six.The European Union 195

Three Communities 196

Europe Without Internal Frontiers 198

Free Movement 199

Treaty on European Union （1993） 200

Amsterdam Treaty （1999） 201

Treaty of Nice （2003） 202

A Constitution for Europe? 203

The Council of Ministers 205

The Commission and Law-Making 207

Powers of the Commission 208

Legislative Involvement 209

The European Parliament 210

Diverse Legislative Roles 211

Budgetary Powers 213

The European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance 214

ECJ Procedures 214

Linkage with National Courts 216

Appeals and Prosecutions 217

Court of First Instance 218

The Nature of European Law 219

Regulations and Directives 220

Doctrine of Direct Effect 221

EU Law Enforcement 223

Grounds for Appeal 223

Supremacy 224

Free Movement of Goods 226

Cassis Formula 227

Exceptions to Free Movement 229

Intellectual Property 230

Exhaustion Doctrine 230

Free Movement of Workers 231

Right of Establishment 233

Freedom to Provide Services 233

Legal Profession 234

Free Movement of Capital 236

Common Transport Policy 237

Common Agricultural Policy 238

Taxation 240

Trade Relations 241

Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments 243

Business Organizations Law 243

Chapter Seven.NAFTA and Free Trade in the Americas 246

Canada-U.S.Free Trade 247

The CFTA Agreement in Outline 248

Trade in Goods 248

Rules of Origin 251

Services and Investment 253

Dispute Settlement Under CFTA 256

Antidumping and Subsidy Disputes 256

Extraordinary Challenges 257

North American Free Trade 259

Fast Track Negotiations 260

The NAFTA Agreement in Outline 261

Trade in Goods 262

Rules of Origin 263

Energy 265

Food Products 265

Product Standards 267

Safeguards 268

Procurement 268

Trade in Services 269

Transport 270

Telecommunications 271

Cross-Border Investment and Investor-State 272

Arbitrations 272

Investor Rights 273

Investor-State Arbitrations 274

Exclusions 275

Financial Services 276

National Commitments 277

Intellectual Property 278

Other NAFTA Provisions 279

Business Visas 279

State Monopolies and Antitrust 280

Miscellaneous Provisions 281

Right of Withdrawal 281

Dispute Settlement Under NAFTA 282

Forum Selection: NAFTAorWTO 282

Chapter 20 283

Antidumping or Subsidy Disputes 285

The Side Agreements on Labor and the Envi-ronment 286

Environmental Disputes 286

Labor Disputes 287

Comparison With the European Union 288

Free Trade and the Americas 289

Fast Track Delayed 290

Fast Track Arrives 291

INDEX 293