PRACTICAL HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION TACTICSPDF电子书下载

1 The Homicide Crime Scene 1

The Crime Scene 2

At the Crime Scene 3

The Homicide Investigation Starts at the Crime Scene 6

Determining the Dimensions of the Homicide Crime Scene 8

Protecting the Crime Scene 12

2 First Officer's Duties: General 25

Notification of a Possible Homicide: The Official Notification to the Police 25

First Notification of Homicide Received in Person by Patrol Officer 29

First Officer's Duties on Arrival at the Scene 30

Protection of Life 31

Safeguarding the Scene and Detaining Witnesses or Suspects 33

The First Officer Initiates the Homicide Investigation 35

Dealing with Emergencies at the Scene 37

Conclusion 39

3 First Officer's Duties: Specific 41

The Suspect in Custody 42

Transporting the Suspect 44

Examination of the Suspect for Evidence 44

The Dying Declaration 44

The Victim Removed to the Hospital 45

The Victim Pronounced DOA at the Hospital 45

The Officer's Duties at the Hospital 46

The Victim Confirmed DOA at the Scene 47

Handling Witnesses at the Scene 47

Additional Officers at the Scene 48

Handling News Media Personnel at the Scene 48

The Documentation of Events by the First Officer 49

The Changing Sequence of Command 50

Patrol Officer's Checklist 50

4 The Preliminary Investigation at the Scene:The Detectives 55

Initial Receipt of Information 55

Arrival at the Scene 56

Describing the Scene 58

Implementing Crime Scene Procedures 59

Direction of Uniformed Personnel at the Scene 60

The Teamwork Approach 61

Directing the Investigation at the Scene 61

Duties of the Detective Supervisor on Arrival at the Scene 62

Preliminary Interview of the First Officer 63

Interview of Ambulance Personnel 65

Handling Curious Onlookers 67

Handling Witnesses at the Scene 68

The Canvass 71

The Preliminary Medical Examination at the Scene 76

5 Specific Investigative Duties at the Scene 79

The Suspect in Custody 79

Interview and Interrogation of the Suspect in Custody 80

Examination of a Suspect for Evidence 81

Evaluation of the Suspect's Demeanor and Mental Capacity 82

Obtaining a Dying Declaration 83

Questions to be Asked in a Dying Declaration 84

Documentation of the Dying Declaration 84

Handling Buried-Body Cases 85

The Discovery of the Buried Body 85

The Excavation 86

The Body 89

Search for a Buried Body 89

The Investigative Checklist 91

Selected Reading 101

6 The Crime Scene Photographs 103

The Value of Crime Scene Photographs 103

Crime Scene Photography and the Investigator 104

Admissibility of Photographic Evidence 104

Photographing the Homicide Crime Scene 107

Outdoor Locations 107

Indoor Locations 107

The Body 107

Suspects 110

Type of Film 111

Recommended Crime Scene Photographs 111

Practical Application of Crime Scene Photography 113

Videotaping 115

Advantages of Videotaping 115

Videotaping Procedure 116

Conclusion 117

Selected Reading 117

7 The Crime Scene Sketch 119

The Sketch 119

Preparing the Crime Scene Sketch 124

Selected Reading 130

8 The Homicide Crime Scene Search 131

Methods of Crime Scene Search 132

Formulating the Search 132

The Homicide Kit 137

The Search 139

Examination of the Body at the Scene 141

Release of the Body 145

The Scene 146

Examining the Outdoor Scene 149

Examples of Evidence Found Outdoors 150

Examining an Outdoor Scene at Night 152

Physical Examination of a Suspect in Custody 154

Residue Testing 157

Release of the Scene 158

Conclusion 159

Selected Reading 160

9 Estimating Time of Death 161

The Process of Dying 164

Body Changes after Death 165

External Agents of Change 177

Insects 177

Plants 180

Animals 180

Bodies in Water 181

Information Derived from the Scene 182

Conclusion 183

Selected Reading 183

10 The Identity of the Deceased 185

The Identification 185

Identification at the Scene 186

Personal Identification 186

Clothing and Possessions 187

Identification by Photographs 187

Description of the Body 188

Clothing 189

Jewelry and Watches 189

Fingerprints 189

Obtaining Fingerprints from Dead Bodies 190

The Teeth 193

Age 194

General Facial Characteristics 194

Race 195

Socioeconomic Group 196

Occupation or Habits 196

Positive Identification 196

Bite-Mark Identification 199

Inquiries Relative to Forensic Odontology 199

The Bones 200

Age 201

Sex 203

Race 204

Height and Other Individual Characteristics 204

Determination of Cause of Death 204

Determination of Whether the Bones Are Humanor Animal 205

Examination of the Bones 206

Facial Reconstruction 206

Forensic Sculpture 207

Conclusion 213

Selected Reading 214

11 Modes of Death 217

Gunshot Wounds 217

The Projectile Striking the Body 218

The Nature and Extent of Gunshot Wounds 219

Smudging or Smoke 222

Searing 222

Tattooing or Stippling 222

Reentry 222

Ricocheting 224

Shotgun Wounds 224

Contact Wounds 224

Bullet Track 226

Cutting Wounds 233

Stabbing Wounds 235

Blunt Force Injuries 236

Lacerations 237

Chopping Wounds 237

Poisons 240

Deaths by Asphyxia 242

Strangulation 242

Hanging 245

Drowning 247

Inhalation of Poison Gases 249

Suffocation 249

Autoerotic Deaths 250

Typical Cases 253

Determining the Involvement of Sexual Asphyxia 255

Summary 257

Suicides 257

The Weapon 257

Wounds 260

Motives and Intent 261

Suicide Notes 263

Background Information 263

Arson and Deaths by Fire 264

Sex Homicides 266

Selected Reading 270

12 Collection of Evidence 271

Procedures for Collection of Evidence 271

Collection of Specific Types of Evidence 273

Body Materials 273

Objects 280

Impressions 288

Selected Reading 296

Appendix: Requesting Laboratory Assistance:Shipment of Evidence to FBI Laboratory 298

13 The News Media in Homicide Investigations 321

Establishing a News Media Policy 321

"Fair Trial Free Press Principles" 323

Building a Relationship with the News Media 325

Homicide News Release Policy 328

Handling the News Media at the Scene 331

Preparing the News Release 334

Handling Questions during News Conferences 336

Conclusion 337

Selected Reading 338

14 The Autopsy 339

The Medical Examiner/Coroner 339

Investigation of Death 344

Purpose of the Autopsy 345

Cause, Manner, and Mode of Death 346

Investigative Information Provided by the Autopsy 348

The Medicolegal Autopsy 350

Examination of the Crime Scene 351

Identification of the Body 352

External Examination of the Body 353

Internal Examination of the Body 355

The Protocol 367

Summary 369

Human Anatomy 370

Directional Terms 370

Body Cavities 372

Quadrants 374

The Skeletal System 377

The Heart 377

Selected Reading 380

15 Identification of Suspects 381

Bite-Mark Identification 381

The Bite Mark 384

Collection of Bite-Mark Evidence at the Scene 386

Interpretation of the Bite-Mark Evidence 388

Examination of the Bite Mark 388

Summary 389

Hypnosis 390

What Is Hypnosis? 390

Value to the Investigator 391

Shortcomings of Hypnosis 391

Case History 392

Summary 393

Latent Prints on Human Skin 393

General Considerations 393

Procedures 393

Polygraph Examinations 396

The Examination 396

Possible Subjects for Polygraph Examinations 397

Subjects that Cannot Be Tested 397

Investigator's Duties Prior to the Examination 397

Polygraph Procedures 398

Summary 399

Psychological Profiling 399

What Is the Psychological Profile? 400

The Purpose of the Profile 400

When Profiling Can Be Productive 400

Case History 401

Factors which Can Be Determined in a Psychological Profile 404

The Investigative Approach to Profiling 405

Offender Profiles 407

Goals of Offender Profiles 408

Case History 408

Summary 415

Psycholinguistics 415

What Is Psycholinguistic Analysis? 416

Methodology 416

Case History 417

Psycholinguistics As an Investigative Tool 418

Utilizing Psycholinguistic Analysis 419

Summary 420

Psychics 420

What Is a Psychic? 420

How Can the Police and Psychics Work Together? 421

Charlatans and Frauds 423

Summary 425

Selected Reading 425

16 Managing the Homicide Investigation 427

Management Policy 427

Teamwork 428

Police Department Policy 428

Interagency Relationships 429

Documentation 430

Notekeeping 430

Official Reports 430

Indexing the Homicide Investigation 435

News Clipping File 442

The Investigative Conference 443

Conclusion 443

Glossary 445

Index 453