AVIATION SECURITY LAWPDF电子书下载

1 A Security Culture 1

A.A Risk-Based Approach 1

B.The ICAO Response 2

Ⅰ.The ICAO High-Level Ministerial Conference 2

Ⅱ.Post Conference Work 7

C.Emerging Threats 9

Ⅰ.Probability 9

Ⅱ.Reacting to Probability 10

Ⅲ.Deterrence 13

Ⅳ.Problems of Deterrence 14

Ⅴ.Threat Assessment in ICAO 16

Ⅵ.The AVSEC Panel 19

Ⅶ.Bioterrorism 21

Ⅷ.Cyber-Terrorism 24

Ⅸ.MANPADS 25

Ⅹ.The Diverse Nature of Missile Attacks 29

ⅩⅠ.Installation of an Anti-missile System 32

ⅩⅡ.The Perimeter Guard 32

ⅩⅢ.International Accord 33

ⅩⅣ.Other Current Threats 36

References 36

2 Principles of Responsibility 39

A.State Responsibility 39

Ⅰ.Principles of State Responsibility 42

Ⅱ.The Theory of Complicity 42

Ⅲ.Mechanisms for Extradition of Offenders:The Lockerbie Case 43

Ⅳ.The Condonation Theory 48

Ⅴ.The Role of Knowledge 51

Ⅵ.Profiling of Passengers 54

Ⅶ.Airport Profiling 55

Ⅷ.Profiling and the Right of Privacy 58

B.Other Aspects of Responsibility 61

Ⅰ.Prelude to the Rome Convention of 1952 61

Ⅱ.The Rome Convention of 1952 66

C.The Rome Convention of 1952 70

Ⅰ.Background 70

Ⅱ.Insurance 71

Ⅲ.Provisions of the Convention 77

Ⅳ.The Montreal Protocol of 1978 80

Ⅴ.Modernizing the Rome Convention 81

References 91

3 Initiatives of the Early Twenty-first Century 93

A.The Two Liability Conventions 93

Ⅰ.The General Risks Convention 93

Ⅱ.The Unlawful Interference Compensation Convention 96

B.Innovative Security Tools 98

Ⅰ.Biometric Identification 109

Ⅱ.Public Key Directory 109

C.Advance Passenger Information 121

D.The Passenger Name Record 122

Ⅰ.Definition and Application of PNR 123

Ⅱ.The Importance of PNR Data to States 125

Ⅲ.Advantages of Unified Guidelines 126

Ⅳ.Advance Passenger Information Guidelines 138

Ⅴ.Contracting States' Positions 140

E.Machine Readable Travel Documents 151

Ⅰ.Some Problem Areas 156

F.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 157

Ⅰ.Legal and Regulatory Issues 162

Ⅱ.Operations Over the High Seas 163

Ⅲ.Air Traffic Services 166

Ⅳ.UAVs as State Aircraft 168

References 174

4 Narco-terrorism 177

A.Introduction 177

B.United Nations Initiatives 179

Ⅰ.The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 186

Ⅱ.Some Recent Efforts of the United Nations 187

C.ICAO Initiatives 189

Ⅰ.Basic Principles of Aeronautics on International Narcotic Control 189

D.Other Regulatory Provisions 198

Ⅰ.Article 4 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation 198

Ⅱ.Article 3 bis 199

Ⅲ.Other Legal Aspects 201

Ⅳ.ICAO Assembly Resolution A 27-12 202

References 204

5 The Unlawful Interference Conventions 205

A.United Nations General Assembly Resolutions on Unlawful Interference with Civil Aviation 205

B.International Conventions 210

Ⅰ.Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism(1937) 210

Ⅱ.Convention on International Civil Aviation(Chicago Convention of 1944) 210

Ⅲ.United Nations Charter 212

Ⅳ.The Geneva Convention on the High Seas(1958) 213

C.Concerted Action Under the Auspice of the International Civil Aviation Organization:The Tokyo Convention(1963) 217

Ⅰ.The Powers Given to Aircraft Commander and Others in Order to Combat Hijackings 221

Ⅱ.Jurisdiction to Punish the Terrorists 223

Ⅲ.Powers and Duties of States 224

Ⅳ.Extradition 225

Ⅴ.Responsibilities of States 226

Ⅵ.An Answer? 228

D.The Hague Convention on Hijacking 1970 230

Ⅰ.The Scope of the Convention 231

Ⅱ.Powers and Duties Imposed Upon States in Order to Combat Hijacking 232

Ⅲ.Other Provisions 236

E.The Montreal Convention(1971) 237

Ⅰ.Definition of In Service 237

Ⅱ.Definition of the Offence 238

Ⅲ.Penalties and the Scope of the Convention 241

Ⅳ.Jurisdictional Powers Given to States Under the Montreal Convention(1971) 242

F.The Bonn Declaration 246

Ⅰ.The Legal Status of the Bonn Declaration 247

Ⅱ.Incompatibility of the Declaration with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 249

Ⅲ.The Incompatibility of the Declaration with the Convention on International Civil Aviation(Chicago Convention 1944)and the International Air Services Transit Agreement 250

Ⅳ.Problem of Prosecution or Extradition 252

G.A New Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 253

Ⅰ.Scope of the Convention 255

Ⅱ.Obligations of States 257

Ⅲ.Technical Annex 258

Ⅳ.International Explosives Technical Commission 260

Ⅴ.Final Clauses and Final Act 261

References 262

6 Aviation Security Audits 265

A.Security Oversight 268

B.The Role of the ICAO Council 270

References 276

7 Conclusion 277

Index 281