Patents and Industry StandardsPDF电子书下载

1 Introduction 1

1 Background 1

2 Research questions 2

3 Methodological approach and source materials 3

4 Limitations 5

2 Industry standards 7

1 Introduction and definition of standards 7

2 Classification of standards by their economic effects 8

3 Standard setting process 12

4 Standardisation and technical change 15

5 Standards and competition 20

3 Patents and standards in the US 23

1 The legal issues 23

2 Patents and informal standards 24

3 Patents and formal standards 42

4 Patents and standards in the EU 55

1 Patents and informal standards 55

2 Patents and formal standards 78

3 Exceptional circumstances and industry standards 82

5 Patent laws and standards 96

1 Introduction 96

2 Reverse doctrine of equivalents 97

3 Compulsory licences 107

6 Costs and benefits of patent systems 118

1 Introduction 118

2 Costs and benefits of patent systems 119

3 Costs of patent systems in relation to standards 133

4 Review and implications 162

7 Alternative solutions and a suggested solution 165

1 Introduction 165

2 Proposals for patent reform 167

3 Suggested solution 200

4 Implementation of the proposed model 214

8 Conclusion 216

References 219

Index 231