INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE INDEPENDENT STATEPDF电子书下载

PART ONE INTRODUCTION 3

1 Sovereignty and Self-determination 3

1:1 Sovereignty and its aspects 3

1:2 Territorial independence and self-determination 4

2 Sovereignty and its Limitations 21

2:1 Types of restrictions of territorial sovereignty 21

2:2 Presumption in favour of the competence of the territorial state 23

PART TWO RESTRICTIONS OF SOVEREIGNTY OVER TERRITORY 29

3 Passage Through Water 29

3:1 Territorial waters and adjacent zones 29

3:2 Passage through straits and artificial canals 41

3:3 Rights of navigation on international rivers 44

3:4 Internal waters 45

4 Passage Over Land 59

4:1 Requirement of treaty regulation or consent in casu for fixed installations 60

4:2 Transit by road 65

5 Passage Through Air 79

5:1 Historical background 79

5:2 ICAO regulations 80

5:3 Limits of the airspace 82

5:4 A general right of transit? 84

6 Other Restrictions of Sovereignty Relating to Territory 91

6:1 Questions of pollution 91

6:2 Equitable use of water 95

PART THREE RESTRICTIONS OF SOVEREIGNTY OVER INDIVIDUALS AND PROPERTY 101

7 General Rules on Immunity for State Activities 101

7:1 State agency trading and private acts of heads of state 102

7:2 Jurisdiction over foreign ships 103

7:3 Jurisdiction over visiting forces and foreign military bases 105

7:4 Immunity of foreign state property? 107

8 Immunity of Diplomats and Consuls 115

8:1 Immunity of diplomats 115

8:2 Immunity of consuls 119

8:3 Immunity of state delegates and international civil servants 121

9 Treatment of Individuals 125

9:1 Treatment of aliens 125

9:2 Treatment of a state's own nationals 129

9:3 Derogation from sovereignty by extraterritorial asylum 134

PART FOUR COERCION AND CONSENT 141

10 Coercion of a State to Conclude Treaties 141

10:1 Developing countries' need for safeguards 141

10:2 Coercion and its historical background 143

10:3 Types of illegal force 148

11 Expression of a State's Consent 165

11:1 Force against whom? 165

11:2 The requirement of consent and the problem of state succesion 173

12 The Problem of Unequal Treaties 195

12:1 Identification of unequal treaties 195

12:2 Agreements restricting territorial sovereignty and the theory of continuous consent 197

12:3 Potentially unequal treaties:agreements on military bases 200

12:4 'Sovereign' rights over foreign military bases 214

12:5 Legal characteristics of military base agreements 216

PART FIVE CONCLUSIONS 227

Conclusions 227

Index of Cases 233

Index of Treaties 237

Index of Subjects 243