Engineering Fundamentals:An Introduction to EngineeringPDF电子书下载

PART ONE：ENGINEERING—AN EXCITING PROFESSION 2

1 Introduction to the Engineering Profession 4

1.1 Engineering Work Is All Around You 5

1.2 Engineering as a Profession and Common Traits of Good Engineers 8

1.3 Common Traits of Good Engineers 10

1.4 Engineering Disciplines 12

1.5 Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology（ABET） 14

Professional Profile 23

Summary 23

Problems 23

Impromptu Design Ⅰ 25

2 Preparing for an Engineering Career 26

2.1 Making the Transition from High School to College 27

2.2 Budgeting Your Time 27

2.3 Daily Studying and Preparation 30

2.4 Getting Involved with an Engineering Organization 35

2.5 Your Graduation Plan 36

2.6 Other Considerations 36

Student Profile 37

Professional Profile 38

Summary 39

Problems 39

3 Introduction to Engineering Design 40

3.1 Engineering Design Process 41

3.2 Sustainability in Design 54

3.3 Engineering Economics 56

3.4 Material Selection 56

3.5 Teamwork 59

3.6 Common Traits of Good Teams 60

3.7 Conflict Resolution 61

3.8 Project Scheduling and Task Chart 61

3.9 Evaluating Alternatives 63

3.10 Patent，Trademark，and Copyright 64

3.11 Engineering Standards and Codes 65

3.12 Examples of Standards and Codes Organizations in the United States 68

3.13 Examples of International Standards and Codes 70

3.14 Drinking Water Standards in the United States 76

3.15 Outdoor Air Quality Standards in the United States 77

3.16 Indoor Air Quality Standards in the United States 79

Professional Profile 81

Summary 82

Problems 82

Impromptu Design Ⅱ 85

Civil Engineering Design Process：A Case Study：Health Clinic 86

Mechanical/Electrical Engineering Design Process：A Case Study：Minnkota Electric Outboard Drive，Johnson Outdoors，Monkato，MN 88

4 Engineering Communication 91

4.1 Communication Skills and Presentation of Engineering Work 92

4.2 Basic Steps Involved in the Solution of Engineering Problems 92

4.3 Homework Presentation 95

4.4 Progress Report，Excutive Summary，and Short Memos 97

4.5 Detailed Technical Report 97

4.6 Oral Communication and Presentation 100

4.7 Engineering Graphical Communication 101

Summary 103

Problems 104

Professional Profile 107

5 Engineering Ethics 109

5.1 Engineering Ethics 110

5.2 The Code of Ethics of the National Society of Professional Engineers 111

5.3 Code of Ethics for Engineers 111

5.4 Engineer’s Creed 115

Summary 121

Problems 122

Engineering Ethics：A Case Study from NSPE 124

PART TWO：ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS—CONCEPTS EVERY ENGINEER SHOULD KNOW 128

6 Fundamental Dimensions and Units 130

6.1 Engineering Problems and Fundamental Dimensions 131

6.2 Systems of Units 132

6.3 Unit Conversion 138

6.4 Dimensional Homogeneity 141

6.5 Numerical versus Symbolic Solutions 143

6.6 Significant Digits（Figures） 144

6.7 Engineering Components and Systems 146

6.8 Physical Laws and Observations in Engineering 148

6.9 Learning Engineering Fundamental Concepts and Design Variables from Fundamental Dimensions 151

Summary 153

Problems 153

7 Length and Length-Related Parameters 159

7.1 Length as a Fundamental Dimension 161

7.2 Measurement of Length 165

7.3 Nominal Sizes versus Actual Sizes 168

7.4 Radians as a Ratio of Two Lengths 170

7.5 Strain as a Ratio of Two Lengths 170

7.6 Area 170

7.7 Volume 179

7.8 Second Moments of Areas 184

Summary 189

Problems 189

Impromptu Design Ⅲ 195

An Engineering Marvel：The New York City Water Tunnel No.3 196

8 Time and Time-Related Parameters 203

8.1 Time as a Fundamental Dimension 205

8.2 Measurement of Time 207

8.3 Periods and Frequencies 210

8.4 Flow of Traffic 212

8.5 Engineering Parameters Involving Length and Time 214

8.6 Angular Motion 221

Professional Profile 223

Summary 224

Problems 224

9 Mass and Mass-Related Parameters 229

9.1 Mass as a Fundamental Dimension 231

9.2 Measurement of Mass 233

9.3 Density，Specific Volume，and Specific Gravity 234

9.4 Mass Flow Rate 236

9.5 Mass Moment of Inertia 236

9.6 Momentum 239

9.7 Conservation of Mass 241

Summary 244

Problems 245

Impromptu Design Ⅳ 250

10 Force and Force-Related Parameters 251

10.1 What We Mean By Force 253

10.2 Newton’s Laws in Mechanics 259

10.3 Moment，Torque—Force Acting at a Distance 262

10.4 Work—Force Acting Over a Distance 267

10.5 Pressure and Stress—Force Acting Over an Area 269

10.6 Modulus of Elasticity，Modulus of Rigidity，and Bulk Modulus of Compressibility 281

10.7 Linear Impulse—Force Acting Over Time 290

Summary 292

Problems 292

Impromptu Design Ⅴ 298

An Engineering Marvel：Caterpillar 797 Mining Truck 299

11 Temperature and Temperature-Related Parameters 303

11.1 Temperature as a Fundamental Dimension 305

11.2 Measurement of Temperature and Its Units 308

11.3 Temperature Difference and Heat Transfer 314

11.4 Thermal Comfort，Metabolic Rate，and Clothing Insulation 328

11.5 Some Temperature-Related Material Properties 330

11.6 Heating Values of Fuels 334

11.7 Degree-Days and Energy Estimation 336

Summary 337

Professional Profile 338

Problems 339

12 Electric Current and Related Parameters 344

12.1 Electric Current as a Fundamental Dimension 346

12.2 Voltage 347

12.3 Direct Current and Alternating Current 349

12.4 Electrical Circuits and Components 352

12.5 Electric Motors 360

12.6 Lighting Systems 363

Professional Profile 368

Summary 369

Problems 369

13 Energy and Power 372

13.1 Work，Mechanical Energy，Thermal Energy 373

13.2 Conservation of Energy—First Law of Thermodynamics 379

13.3 Understanding What We Mean by Power 381

13.4 Watts and Horsepower 382

13.5 Efficiency 386

13.6 Energy Sources，Generation，Consumption 393

Student Profile 408

Professional Profile 409

Summary 410

Problems 410

Impromptu Design Ⅵ 412

An Engineering Marvel：Hoover Dam 413

PART THREE：COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING TOOLS—USING AVAILABLE SOFTWARE TO SOLVE ENGINEERING PROBLEMS 416

14 Electronic Spreadsheets 418

14.1 Microsoft Excel—Basic Ideas 419

14.2 Cells and Their Addresses 420

14.3 Creating Formulas in Excel 422

14.4 Using Excel Functions 428

14.5 Using Excel Logical Functions 433

14.6 Plotting with Excel 434

14.7 Matrix Computation with Excel 441

14.8 Curve Fitting with Excel 448

Summary 452

Problems 453

15 MATLAB 461

15.1 MATLAB—Basic Ideas 462

15.2 Using MATLAB Built-in Functions 471

15.3 Plotting with MATLAB 480

15.4 Importing Excel and Other Data Files into MATLAB 487

15.5 Matrix Computations with MATLAB 489

15.6 Curve Fitting with MATLAB 492

15.7 Symbolic Mathematics with MATLAB 493

Professional Profile 496

Summary 497

Problems 497

PART FOUR：ENGINEERING GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION—CONVEYING INFORMATION TO OTHER ENGINEERS，MACHINISTS，TECHNICANS，AND MANAGERS 504

16 Engineering Drawings and Symbols 506

16.1 Importance of Engineering Drawing 507

16.2 Orthographic Views 508

16.3 Dimensioning and Tolerancing 511

16.4 Isometric View 514

16.5 Sectional Views 517

16.6 Civil，Electrical，and Electronic Drawings 521

16.7 Solid Modeling 521

16.8 Why Do We Need Engineering Symbols？ 528

16.9 Examples of Common Symbols In Civil，Electrical，and Mechanical Engineering 530

Professional Profile 533

Summary 534

Problems 535

An Engineering Marvel：Boeing 777 Commercial Airplane 544

PART FIVE：ENGINEERING MATERIAL SELECTION—AN IMPORTANT DESIGN DECISION 550

17 Engineering Materials 552

17.1 Material Selection 553

17.2 Electrical，Mechanical，and Thermophysical Properties of Materials 555

17.3 Some Common Solid Engineering Materials 561

17.4 Some Common Fluid Materials 571

Professional Profile 573

Summary 574

Problems 574

Impromptu Design Ⅶ 577

An Engineering Marvel：The Jet Engine 578

PART SIX：MATHEMATICS，STATISTICS，AND ENGINEERING ECONOMICS—WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT？ 582

18 Mathematics in Engineering 584

18.1 Mathematical Symbols and Greek Alphabet 585

18.2 Linear Models 587

18.3 Nonlinear Models 594

18.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Models 600

18.5 Matrix Algebra 605

18.6 Calculus 616

18.7 Differential Equations 624

Summary 626

Problems 627

19 Probability and Statistics in Engineering 633

19.1 Probability—Basic Ideas 634

19.2 Statistics—Basic Ideas 635

19.3 Frequency Distributions 636

19.4 Measures of Central Tendency and Variation—Mean，Median，and Standard Deviation 638

19.5 Normal Distribution 643

Summary 650

Problems 650

20 Engineering Economics 655

20.1 Cash Flow Diagrams 656

20.2 Simple and Compound Interest 657

20.3 Future Worth of a Present Amount 658

20.4 Effective Interest Rate 661

20.5 Present Worth of a Future Amount 663

20.6 Present Worth of Series Payment or Annuity 663

20.7 Future Worth of Series Payment 664

20.8 Summary of Engineering Economics Analysis 668

20.9 Choosing the Best Alternatives—Decision Making 672

20.10 Excel Financial Functions 675

Summary 678

Problems 679

Appendix 684

Index 689