FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS VOLUME 1 SIXTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

PART 1 1

CHAPTER 1 Measurement 1

How can sunsets be used to measure Earth？ 2

1-1 Measuring Things 2

1-2 The International System of Units 2

1-3 Changing Units 3

1-4 Length 4

1-5 Time 6

1-6 Mass 7

Review ε Summary 8

Exercises ε Problems 8

CHAPTER 2 Motion Along a Straight Line 11

How long does a barrel fall from Niagara Falls？ 12

2-1 Motion 12

2-2 Position and Displacement 12

2-3 Average Velocity and Average Speed 13

2-4 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 15

2-5 Acceleration 17

2-6 Constant Acceleration： A Special Case 19

2-7 Another Look at Constant Acceleration 22

2-8 Free-Fall Acceleration 23

Review ε Summary 25

Questions 26

Exercises ε Problems 27

CHAPTER 3 Vectors 31

How can vectors be used in cave exploring？ 32

3-1 Vectors and Scalars 32

3-2 Adding Vectors Geometrically 32

3-3 Components of Vectors 34

3-4 Unit Vectors 37

3-5 Adding Vectors by Components 38

3-6 Vectors and the Laws of Physics 40

3-7 Multiplying Vectors 40

Review ε Summary 44

Questions 45

Exercises ε Problems 45

CHAPTER 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 48

How can the placement of the net be determined for a human cannonball？ 49

4-1 Moving in Two or Three Dimensions 49

4-2 Position and Displacement 49

4-3 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 51

4-4 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 53

4-5 Projectile Motion 54

4-6 Projectile Motion Analyzed 56

4-7 Uniform Circular Motion 60

4-8 Relative Motion in One Dimension 62

4-9 Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 63

Review ε Summary 65

Questions 66

Exercises ε Problems 67

CHAPTER 5 Force and Motion—Ⅰ 72

Can a man pull two railroad passenger cars with his teeth？ 73

5-1 What Causes an Acceleration？ 73

5-2 Newton’s First Law 73

5-3 Force 74

5-4 Mass 75

5-5 Newton’s Second Law 76

5-6 Some Particular Forces 80

5-7 Newton’s Third Law 84

5-8 Applying Newton’s Laws 85

Review ε Summary 90

Questions 91

Exercises ε Problems 93

CHAPTER 6 Force and Motion—Ⅱ 98

Why do cats sometimes survive long falls better than shorter ones？ 99

6-1 Friction 99

6-2 Properties of Friction 100

6-3 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed 104

6-4 Uniform Circular Motion 106

Review ε Summary 110

Questions 111

Exercises ε Problems 112

CHAPTER 7 Kinetic Energy and Work 116

How much work is required in lifting great weights？ 117

7-1 Energy 117

7-2 Work 118

7-3 Work and Kinetic Energy 119

7-4 Work Done by a Gravitational Force 122

7-5 Work Done by a Spring Force 126

7-6 Work Done by a General Variable Force 129

7-7 Power 131

Review ε Summary 133

Questions 134

Exercises ε Problems 136

CHAPTER 8 Potential Energy and Conservationof Energy 139

Did the placement of the giant statues on Easter Island require a mysterious energy source？ 139

8-1 Potential Energy 140

8-2 Path Independence of Conservative Forces 141

8-3 Determining Potential Energy Values 143

8-4 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 146

8-5 Reading a Potential Energy Curve 149

8-6 Work Done on a System by an External Force 152

8-7 Conservation of Energy 155

Review ε Summary 158

Questions 159

Exercises ε Problems 160

CHAPTER 9 Systems of Particles 168

How does a ballerina seemingly “turn off” the gravitational force？ 169

9-1 A Special Point 169

9-2 The Center of Mass 169

9-3 Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles 173

9-4 Linear Momentum 176

9-5 The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles 177

9-6 Conservation of Linear Momentum 178

9-7 Systems with Varying Mass： A Rocket 181

9-8 External Forces and Internal Energy Changes 184

Review ε Summary 186

Questions 187

Exercises ε Problems 188

CHAPTER 10 Collisions 193

Is a board or a concrete block easier to break in karate？ 194

10-1 What Is a Collision？ 194

10-2 Impulse and Linear Momentum 195

10-3 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions 198

10-4 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension 199

10-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 202

10-6 Collisions in Two Dimensions 205

Review ε Summary 207

Questions 208

Exercises ε Problems 209

CHAPTER 11 Rotation 215

What advantages does physics offer in judo throws？ 216

11-1 Translation and Rotation 216

11-2 The Rotational Variables 216

11-3 Are Angular Quantities Vectors？ 220

11-4 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration 221

11-5 Relating the Linear and Angular Variables 223

11-6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 225

11-7 Calculating the Rotational Inertia 226

11-8 Torque 229

11-9 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 230

11-10 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy 233

Review ε Summary 236

Questions 238

Exercises ε Problems 239

CHAPTER 12 Rolling， Torque， and Angular Momentum 245

Why is a quadruple somersault so difficult in trapeze acts？ 246

12-1 Rolling 246

12-2 The Kinetic Energy of Rolling 247

12-3 The Forces of Rolling 248

12-4 The Yo-Yo 250

12-5 Torque Revisited 251

12-6 Angular Momentum 253

12-7 Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form 255

12-8 The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles 257

12-9 The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis 258

12-10 Conservation of Angular Momentum 260

Review ε Summary 265

Questions 266

Exercises ε Problems 268

PART 2 273

CHAPTER 13 Equilibrium and Elasticity 273

Can you safely rest in a fissure during a chimney climb？ 274

13-1 Equilibrium 274

13-2 The Requirements of Equilibrium 275

13-3 The Center of Gravity 276

13-4 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium 278

13-5 Indeterminate Structures 282

13-6 Elasticity 283

Review ε Summary 287

Questions 288

Exercises ε Problems 289

CHAPTER 14 Gravitation 294

How can a black hole be detected？ 295

14-1 The World and the Gravitational Force 295

14-2 Newton’s Law of Gravitation 295

14-3 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition 296

14-4 Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface 299

14-5 Gravitation Inside Earth 301

14-6 Gravitational Potential Energy 302

14-7 Planets and Satellites： Kepler’s Laws 306

14-8 Satellites： Orbits and Energy 310

14-9 Einstein and Gravitation 312

Review ε Summary 314

Questions 315

Exercises ε Problems 316

CHAPTER 15 Fluids 321

What factor occasionally kills novice scuba divers？ 322

15-1 Fluids and the World Around Us 322

15-2 What Is a Fluid？ 322

15-3 Density and Pressure 322

15-4 Fluids at Rest 324

15-5 Measuring Pressure 327

15-6 Pascal’s Principle 328

15-7 Archimedes’ Principle 329

15-8 Ideal Fluids in Motion 332

15-9 The Equation of Continuity 333

15-10 Bernoulli’s Equation 336

Review ε Summary 339

Questions 339

Exercises ε Problems 340

CHAPTER 16 Oscillations 346

Why did a distant earthquake collapse buildings in Mexico City？ 347

16-1 Oscillations 347

16-2 Simple Harmonic Motion 347

16-3 The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion 350

16-4 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 352

16-5 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator 354

16-6 Pendulums 355

16-7 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion 358

16-8 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion 360

16-9 Forced Oscillations and Resonance 362

Review ε Summary 363

Questions 364

Exercises ε Problems 365

CHAPTER 17 Waves— Ⅰ 370

How does a scorpion detect a beetle without using sight or sound？ 371

17-1 Waves and Particles 371

17-2 Types of Waves 371

17-3 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves 372

17-4 Wavelength and Frequency 373

17-5 The Speed of a Traveling Wave 375

17-6 Wave Speed on a Stretched String 378

17-7 Energy and Power of a Traveling String Wave 380

17-8 The Principle of Superposition for Waves 382

17-9 interference of waves 383

17-10 Phasors 386

17-11 Standing Waves 387

17-12 Standing Waves and Resonance 389

Review ε Summary 392

Questions 392

Exercises ε Problems 394

CHAPTER 18 Waves— Ⅱ 398

How does a bat detect a moth in total darkness？ 399

18-1 Sound Waves 399

18-2 The Speed of Sound 399

18-3 Traveling Sound Waves 402

18-4 Interference 404

18-5 Intensity and Sound Level 406

18-6 Sources of Musical Sound 410

18-7 Beats 412

18-8 The Doppler Effect 414

18-9 Supersonic Speeds： Shock Waves 418

Review ε Summary 419

Questions 420

Exercises ε Problems 421

CHAPTER 19 Temperature， Heat， and the First Law of Thermodynamics 425

What thermal protection do bees have against a hornet invasion？ 426

19-1 Thermodynamics 426

19-2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 426

19-3 Measuring Temperature 427

19-4 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales 429

19-5 Thermal Expansion 431

19-6 Temperature and Heat 433

19-7 The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids 434

19-8 A Closer Look at Heat and Work 438

19-9 The First Law of Thermodynamics 440

19-10 Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics 441

19-11 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 443

Review ε Summary 447

Questions 448

Exercises ε Problems 449

CHAPTER 20 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 454

Why can a cold container of a carbonated drink form a fog when opened？ 455

20-1 A New Way to Look at Gases 455

20-2 Avogadro’s Number 455

20-3 Ideal Gases 456

20-4 Pressure，Temperature， and RMS Speed 459

20-5 Translational Kinetic Enerau46120-6 Mean Free Path 462

20-7 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds 464

20-8 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas 467

20-9 Degrees of Freedom and Molar SpecificHeats 471

20-10 A Hint of Quantum Theory 472

20-11 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas 473

Review ε Summary 476

Questions 477

Exercises ε Problems 478

CHAPTER 21 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 482

What in the world gives direction to time？ 483

21-1 Some One-Way Processes 483

21-2 Change in Entropy 483

21-3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 488

21-4 Entropy in the Real World： Engines 489

21-5 Entropy in the Real World： Refrigerators 494

21-6 The Efficiencies of Real Engines 495

21-7 A Statistical View of Entropy 496

Review ε Summary 500

Questions 501

Exercises ε Problems 501