A Casebook on Roman Property LawPDF电子书下载
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- 作 者:Hausmaninger
- 出 版 社:Incorporated
- 出版年份:2012
- ISBN:
- 页数:342 页
Chapter Ⅰ: Acquiring Possession 1
Introduction 1
A. Means of Acquisition: Corpore etAnimo 3
Case 1: Paul.D 41.2.3.1 (corpore et animo applied to land) 4
Case 2: Cels.D 41.2.18.2 (leaving in house, showing from tower) 7
Case 3: Jav.D 46.3.79 (placing in conspectu, traditio longa manu) 10
Case 4: Paul.D 41.2.1.23 (agreement in presence of property; oculis et affectu) 12
Case 5: Pap.D 18.1.74 (delivery of keys in front of warehouse) 14
Case 6: Gai.D 41.1.9.6 (delivery of keys: another opinion) 16
Case 7: Ulp.D 18.6.15 [14].16 (marking beams) 17
Case 8: Gai.D 41.1.5.1 (wounded wild beast) 19
Case 9: Proc.D 41.1.55 (boar caught in a snare) 22
Case 10: Jav.D 41.2.51 (guard placed over a woodpile) 25
Case 11: Ulp.D18.6.1.2 (wine jar marked with buyer’s seal) 27
B. Special Cases: Acquisition “animo” 29
a. Traditio brevi manu 31
Case 12: Gai.D 41.1.9.5 (holder buys the thing) 31
Case 13: Ulp.D 12.1.9.9 (depositary of money receives permission to use it) 32
Case 14: Ulp.D 6.2.9.1 (pro tradita erit accipienda) 35
Excursus: nemo sibi ipse causam possessionis mutare potest 36
Case 15: Paul.D 41.2.3.19 and 20 (limiting the rule) 37
Case 16: Paul.D 41.2.3.18 (theft by a detentor) 38
b. Constitutum possessorium 39
Case 17: Cels.D 41.2.18 pr.(abstract formulation) 39
Case 18: Marcell.D 41.2.19 pr.(possessor rents from the owner) 42
Case 19: Jav.D 41.2.21.2 (a holder precario rents from the owner) 43
Case 20: Ulp.D 6.1.77 (woman gives land and leases it back) 44
Case 21: Pap.D 41.2.48 (no cons ti tutum possessorium w.mere gift) 45
C. Capacity to Acquire Possession 46
a. Acquiring Possession and Legal Capacity 48
Case 22: Paul.D 41.2.1.3 (furiosus, pupillus) 48
b. Acquiring Possession through Persons-in-Power 50
i. Acquiring Possession and Capacity to Own Property 50
Case 23: Pap.D 41.2.49.1 (persons-in-power cannot possess) 50
ii. Acquisition through One’s Slaves and Children 51
Case 24: Paul.D 41.2.3.12 (principle of animo nostro, corpore alieno) 51
Case 25: Paul.D 41.2.1.5 (acquisition using peculium without master’s knowledge) 53
Case 26: Pap.D 41.2.44.1 (utilitatis causa iure singulari receptum) 54
iii.Acquisition through bona fide serviens and through usufructuarius 56
Case 27: Gai.Inst.2.94 (Possessing slave required for possessing through slave?) 56
Case 28: Paul.D 41.2.1.6 (For whom does the bona fide serviens acquire?) 58 .Case 29: Pomp.D 41.1.21 pr.(With what resources does the slave acquire?) 59
Case 30: Paul.D 41.2.1.8 (possession of the slave not required) 60
iv.Acquisition through servus fugitivus 61
Case 31: Paul.D 41.2.1.14 (controversy) 61
c. Acquiring Possession through a “Representative” not in Power 62
Case 32: Gai.Inst.2.95 (per extraneam personam nobis adquiri non posse) 62
Case 33: Pauli sententiae 5.2.2 (acquiring by procurator utilitatis causa receptum) 64
Case 34: Paul.D 41.2.1.20 (procurator, tutor, curator) 65
Case 35: Callistr.D 41.1.59 (no acquisition of possession through a mandatarius) 66
Case 36: Ulp.D 41.1.20.2 (quasi procurator) 67
Case 37: Lab.D 41.1.65 pr.(acquisition of possession through messengers) 68
Case 38: Ulp.D 47.2.14.17 (possession of a letter) 69
Chapter Ⅱ: Keeping Possession and Losing Possession Introduction 70
A. Voluntary Surrender of Possession 72
Case 39: Paul.D 41.2.3.6 (ways of losing possession in general) 72
Case 40: Paul.D 41.2.3.6 (surrendering possession solo animo) 74
Case 41: Ulp.D 41.2.29 (pupillus cannot surrender possession animo) 75
Case 42: Marci.D 41.1.11 (pupillus cannot transfer possession) 76
Case 43: Cels.D 41.2.18.2 (losing possession by delivery to a furiosus) 77
Case 44: Ulp.D 41.2.34 pr.(possession lost by mistaken intention to surrender it) 78
B. Involuntary Surrender of Possession 81
a. Movable Property 81
Case 45: Pomp.D 41.2.25 pr.(abstract formulation) 81
Case 46: Paul.D 41.2.3.13 (cow wandering off; slave running off) 82
Case 47: Ulp.D 41.2.13 pr.(stones in the Tiber, servus fugitivus) 83
Case 47a: Pap.D 41.2.44 pr.(buried money) 84
b. Land 86
i. Keeping and Losing Possession of Summer and Winter Pasturage 86
Case 48: Paul.D 41.2.3.11 (general formulation) 86
Case 49: Proc.D 41.2.27 (possessor becomes mad) 87
Case 50: Ulp.D 43.16.1.25 (extension of the vulgo dictum to other kinds of land) 88
Case 51: Pap.D 41.2.44.2-46 (symmetry principle; distinction of cases) 89
ii.Keeping and Losing Possession of Other Land by Possessor in Person 91
Case 52: Ulp.D 41.2.6.1 (possessor returns from market and finds interloper) 91
Case 53: Pomp.D 41.2.25.2 (possession retained until failure to recover it) 92
Case 54: Cels.D 41.2.18.3 and 4 (taking possession of part of a property) 93
Case 55: Jav.D 41.2.22 (possession obtained in a manner that it cannot be kept) 94
Excursus: Protecting Possession through Legal Process 95
Case 56: Ulp.D 43.16.1.30 (relativity of possesso protection) 97
Case 57: Jul.D 43.16.17 (defense and recovery of possession) 99
Case 58: Pap.D 43.16.18 pr.(tenant prevents buyer from entryon land) 101
Case 59: Ulp.D 43.16.1.27 (vis armata) 102
iii. Keeping and Losing Possession through Others (slaves, tenants) 103
Case 60: Lab.D 19.2.60.1 (retention of possession through the heir of a tenant) 103
Case 61: Pomp.D 41.2.25.1 (death, madness, and subletting by the intermediary) 104
Case 62: Paul.D 41.2.30.6 (chain of intermediate holders) 105
Case 63: Paul.D 41.2.32.1 (renter sells and rents back) 106
Case 64: Gai.D 41.2.9 (keeping possession through a guest or friend) 107
Case 65: Paul.D 41.2.3.8 (slave or tenant departs) 108
Case 66: Proc.D 4.3.31 (servants persuaded to surrender the property) 110
Chapter Ⅲ: Acquiring Ownership and Losing Ownership 111
Introduction 111
A. Traditio 115
Case 67: Ulp.D 41.1.20 pr.(nemo plus iuris transferre potest…) 115
Case 68: Jav.D 39.5.25 (exceptio doii of the acquirer) 117
Case 69: Paul.D 41.1.31 pr.(causal traditio) 118
Case 70: Jul.D 41.1.36 (dissent regarding causa) 120
Case 71: Ulp.D 12.1.18 pr.(dissent regarding causa) 122
B. Usucapio 124
a. Reversio in potestatem (interpretation of the lex Atinia) 124
Case 72: Paul.D 41.3.4.6 (return to the owner, not the victim of theft) 124
Case 73: Nerat.D 41.3.41 (recovery through a procurator) 126
Case 74: Paul.D 41.3.4.21 (pledgor steals his own property) 127
Case 75: Lab.D 41.3.49 (pledgor steals his own property: controversy) 128
Case 76: Paul.D 41.3.4.10 (depositary sells and buys back) 129
Case 77: Paul.D 41.3.4.12 (freedom from defect, knowledge of the reversio) 130
Case 78: Paul.D 41.3.4.25 (forceful ouster and recovery) 131
Case 79: Paul.D 41.2.3.13 and 14 (permissibility of usucapion without reversio) 132
b. Bona fides 133
Case 80: Mod.D 50.16.109 (definition) 133
Case 81: Pomp.D 41.3.24 pr.(bona fides and error of law) 135
Case 82: Paul.D 41.3.12 (bona fides and prohibitions of alienation) 136
Case 83: Paul.D 22.6.9.4 (plus est in re quam in existimatione) 137
Case 84: Pomp.D 41.3.32.1 (special understanding) 138
Case 85: Jul.D 41.4.8 (controversy) 139
Case 86: Paul.D 41.4.2.15 (bona fides and legal capacity) 141
c. Putative Title 143
Case 87: Nerat.D 41.10.5 (bona fides and putative title) 143
Case 88: Pomp.D 41.10.3 (usucapion of putative title pro suo) 144
Case 89: Paul.D 41.4.2.6 (pro emptore) 145
Case 90: Aft.D 41.4.11 (pro emptore) 146
Case 91: Ulp.D 41.3.27 (rejection of any putative title) 147
Case 92: Pomp.D 41.5.1 (pro herede) 148
Case 93: Paul.D 41.8.2; D 41.8.2; D 41.10.4.2 (pro legato/pro suo) 149
C. Occupatio through Hunting and Fishing 150
Case 94: Gai.D 41.1.1 (acquiring & losing ownership of wild & tamed animals) 150
Case 95: Paul.D 41.2.3.14-16 (game preserve, fish-tank, pigeons, bees) 156
Case 96: Ulp.D 41.1.44 (wolves steal pigs) 157
D. Abandonment and Finding 159
Case 97: Jav.D 41.1.58 (abandonment) 159
Case 98: Ulp.D 47.2.43.8 and 9 (finding) 160
E. Treasure-trove 163
Case 99: Paul.D 41.1.31.1 (definition) 163
Case 100: Paul.D 41.2.3.3 (historical perspective and controversy) 165
Case 101: Scaev.D 6.1.67 (craftsman finds money in renovating a house) 169
F. Acquiring Fruits 171
Case 102: Jul.D 22.1.25.2 (loss of good faith before gathering fruits) 171
Case 103: Paul.D 41.1.48.1 (bona fides in prescription and acquiring fruits) 173
Case 104: Paul.D 41.2.4.19 (acquiring the wool of stolen sheep) 175
G. Accession, Blending and Mixing 176
a. Accession of Movables to Land 176
Case 105: Gai.D 41.1.7.13 (implantatio) 176
Case 106: Scaev.D 41.1.60 (movable grain-bin on another’s land) 178
Case 107: Cels.D 6.1.38 (building a house on another’s land) 180
Case 108: Gai.D 41.1.7.10 (tignum iunctum) 183
Case 109: Jul.D 6.1.59 (one’s own materials used in another’s building) 184
b. Accession of Movables to Movables 186
Case 110: Gai.D 41.1.9.1 (writing and paper) 186
Case 111: Gai.Inst.2.78 (painting and wood panels) 188
Case 112: Paul.D 6.1.23.3 (painting and wood panels) 190
Case 113: Paul.D 6.1.23.5 (welding and soldering) 191
Case 114: Pomp.D 41.1.27.2 (welding) 193
c. Blending (confusio) and Mixing 194
Case 115: Ulp.D 6.1.5 pr.(agreed upon or unilateral mixing of grain) 194
Case 116: Ulp.D 6.1.3.2 (blending of metals) 195
Case 117: Ulp.D 41.1.7.8 (agreed upon inseparable mixing of fluids etc.) 196
Case 118: Ulp.D 6.1.5.1 (honey and wine mixed) 197
d.The Special Case of Money 199
Case 119: Ulp.D 46.3.78 (mixing of one another’s money) 199
H. Transformation (Specification) 201
Case 120: Gai.D 41.1.7.7 (controversy and media sententia) 201
Chapter Ⅳ: Protection and Limitations of Ownership 205
Introduction 205
A. The rei vindicatio 207
a. Defendant’s Liability to Suit 208
Case 121: Ulp.D 6.1.9 (possession or detention?) 208
Case 122: Paul.D 6.1.27.1 (possession at litis contestatio and/or judgment) 210
Case 123: Paul.D 6.1.7 (fictus possessor) 212
Case 124: Gai.D 44/2/17 (legal validity) 214
b. Scope of the Defendant’s Obligation of Restitution 215
Case 125: Paul.D 6.1.33 (fructus percepti and percipiendi) 215
Case 126: Paul.D 6.1.16.1 (liability for wrongful loss) 217
Case 127: Ulp.D 6.1.15.3 (liability for accidental loss) 218
Case 128: Ulp.D 6.1.17 pr.(possessor sells a slave and buyer kills him) 220
Case 129: Ulp.D 6.1.37 (indemnitycation, ius tollendi) 222
B. The actio publiciana and defenses 223
Case 130: Pomp.D 21.3.2 (sale by non-owner) 224
Case 131: Ulp.D 44.4.4.32 (sale by non-owner) 226
Case 132: Ulp.D 6.2.9.4 (same property sold twice) 228
Case 133: Nerat.D 19.1.31.2 (same property sold twice) 231
C. The actio negatoria 232
Case 134: Ulp.D 8.5.8.5 (immissions; cheese factory) 232
Case 135: Alf.D 8.5.17.2 (immissions; dung heap) 235
D. The interdict quod vi aut clam (interpretation of the edict) 236
Case 136: Ulp.D 43.24.2.5-6; Paul.D 43.24.20.1 (vi factum) 237
Case 137: Ulp.D 43.24.3.7 (clam factum) 239
Case 138: Ulp.D 43.24.7.5-7 (opus in solo factum, damage) 240
Case 139: Venul.D 43.24.22.1 (damage irrelevant) 241
Case 140: Venul.D 43.24.22.3 (walking across) 242
Case 141: Ulp.D 43.24.11 pr.(fouling water) 243
Chapter Ⅴ: Servitudes 244
Introduction 244
A. Praedial Servitudes 246
Case 142: Ulp.D 8.5.6.2 (servitus oneris ferendi) 246
Case 143: Ulp.D 8.3.5.1 (vicinitas, utilitas) 249
Case 144: Ulp.D 43.20.1.18 (overstepping permissible use) 251
Case 145: Paul.D 8.1.8 pr.(impermissible content) 252
Case 146: Cels.D 8.3.11 (confirmation through in iure cessio) 253
Case 147: Gai.D 8.2.6 (loss through non-use and usucapio libertatis) 254
Case 148: Pomp.D 8.2.7 (usucapio libertatis) 255
B. Personal Servitudes 256
a. Usufructus 256
Case 149: Ulp.D 7.1.68 pr.-2; D 7.1.69 pr.(slave offspring, herds of animals) 256
Case 150: Ulp.D 7.1.12.2 (use through a contract or sale) 259
Case 151: Ulp.D 7.1.15.4 (standard of vir bonus) 260
b. Usus 261
Case 152: Ulp.D 7.8.2.1; D 7.8.4.1 (house) 261
Case 153: Ulp.D 7.8.12.1 & 2 (land, flock of sheep) 263
Case 154: Pomp.D.7.8.22 (forest) 265
Chapter Ⅵ: Secured Interests 266
Introduction 266
A.Creation and Extinction of Secured Interests 268
a. Pignus tacitum 268
Case 155: Pomp.D 20.2.7 pr.(leased rural property; fruits) 268
Case 156: Nerat.D 20.2.4 pr.(rental of urban property, inducta et illata) 269
Case 157: Ulp.D 20.2.3 (warehouse, inn, building site; invecta et illata) 271
Case 158: Marci.D 20.2.2 (extent of the security encumbrance: rent, damage) 272
Case 159: Ulp.D 43.32.1 pr.(interdictum de migrando) 274
b. General Hypothecs and Pledges of Entire Property 275
Case 159a: Ulp.D 20.1.6 (exceptions) 275
Case 159b: Scaev.D 20.1.34 pr.& 2 (taberna pledged) 276
c. Res aliena pignori data 278
Case 160: Mod.D 20.1.22 (owner inherits from secured debtor) 278
Case 161: Paul.D 13.7.41 (secured debtor inherits from owner) 280
Case 161a: Ulp.D 13.7.9 pr.& 4 (suits on the contract) 282
d. Consensual Termination of a Security Interest 284
Case 162: Marc.D 20.6.8.14 (secured creditor allows debtor to sell the security) 284
Case 163: Marc.D 20.6.8.15 (creditor tolerates sale by debtor) 285
Case 164: Paul.D 47.2.67 (66) pr.(debtor sells against the creditor’s wishes) 286
Case 165: Pomp.D 13.7.3 (creditor returns the security) 287
e. Repayment of the Debt 288
Case 166: Ulp.D 20.1.19 (pignoris causa indivisa est) 288
f. Disposition of Security 289
Case 167: Mod.D 20.5.8 (sale of security by the creditor) 289
Case 168: Tryph.D 20.5.12 pr.& D 20.1.16.9 (creditor sells the security) 290
Case 169: Ulp.D 13.7.4 (sale of security without pactum de distrahendo) 293
g. Loss of Secured Property 294
Case 170: Paul.D 20.1.29 (pledged house destroyed by fire) 294
Case 170a: Paul.D 13.7.18.3 (forest pledged, ship built) 296
B. Multiple Pledges 297
a. Prior tempore potior iure 297
Case 171: Gai.D 20.4.11.4 (ius offerendi et succedendi) 297
Case 172: Tryph.D 20.4.20 (superfluum pledged, contract interpretation) 298
Case 173: Gai.D 20.1.15.2 (contract practice and multiple pledges) 300
Case 174: Afr.D 20.4.9.3 (multiple pledges, no curing) 302
Case 175: Marci.D 20.4.12 pr.(actions and defenses with multiple pledges) 305
Case 176: Ulp.D 20.1.10 (simultaneous multiple pledges) 306
Case 177: Afr.D 20.4.9 pr.& 1 (rank of time-limited and conditional pledges) 307
Case 178: Gai.D 20.4.11.2 (rank of conditional pledge) 309
Case 178a: Paul.D 20.4.14 (multiple pledges of res aliena) 310
b. Substitution 311
Case 179: Paul.D 20.3.3 (principles and effects of transfering security obligation) 311
Case 180: Marci.D 20.4.12.9 (transfer and succession) 313
Case 181: Marci.D 20.4.12.8 (contract interpretation) 315
c. Statutory Security Rights and Priority Privileges 316
Case 182: Ulp.D 20.4.5 (priority privilege for loan to benefit the security) 316
Case 183: Ulp.D 27.9.3 pr.(statutory security interest in favor of pupillus) 317
Case 184: Antonin.C 8.14.2 (security interest of the fisc) 318
Case 185: Ulp.D 49.14.28 (general pledge, seniority of fisc) 319
Appendix . 321
Case Analysis of Gai.D 41.1.5.1 (Case 8) 321
Case Analysis of Ulp.D 41.2.13 pr.(Case 47) 324
Index of Sources 326
Ⅰ. Pre -Justinianic Sources 326
Ⅱ.Justinianic Sources 326
Ⅲ.Modern Statutes 329
ABGB (Austrian Civil Code) 329
BGB (German Civil Code) 330
ZGB (Swiss Civil Code) 331
OR (Swiss Law of Obligations) 331
Code Civil (French Civil Code) 331
Ⅳ.Roman Legal Maxims 331
Ⅴ. Argumentational Principles and Strategies in Roman Jurists 332
Translator’s Glossary of Latin Terms and Phrases 333