GRANT`S DISSECTOR FIFTEENTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

1: THE BACK 5

SURFACE ANATOMY 5

SKELETON OF THE BACK 5

SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 8

Dissection Overview 8

Dissection Instructions 8

Skin Incisions 8

Superficial Fascia 9

Dissection Follow-up 9

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 9

Dissection Overview 9

Dissection Instructions 9

Trapezius Muscle 9

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle 11

Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor Muscles 11

Levator Scapulae Muscle 11

Dissection Follow-up 12

INTERMEDIATE MUSCLES OF THE BACK 12

DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK 12

Dissection Overview 12

Dissection Instructions 12

Splenius Muscle 12

Erector Spinae Muscle 13

Transversospinal Group of Muscles 13

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle 14

Dissection Follow-up 14

SUBOCCIPITAL REGION 14

Dissection Overview 14

Dissection Instructions 14

Dissection Follow-up 15

VERTEBRAL CANAL, SPINAL CORD, AND MENINGES 15

Dissection Overview 15

Dissection Instructions 16

Spinal Meninges 17

Dissection Follow-up 19

2: THE UPPER LIMB 21

SURFACE ANATOMY 21

SUPERFICIAL VEINS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 21

Dissection Overview 21

Dissection Instructions 22

Skin Incisions 22

Superficial Veins 22

Cutaneous Nerves 23

Dissection Follow-up 24

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 24

SCAPULAR REGION 24

Dissection Overview 24

Skeleton of the Scapular Region 24

Dissection Instructions 24

Dissection Follow-up 26

PECTORAL REGION 26

Dissection Overview 26

Dissection Instructions 26

Breast 26

Superficial Fascia 27

Dissection Follow-up 28

MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL REGION 28

Dissection Overview 28

Dissection Instructions 29

Dissection Follow-up 30

AXILLA 30

Dissection Overview 30

Dissection Instructions 31

Axillary Artery 31

Brachial Plexus 32

Dissection Follow-up 34

ARM AND CUBITAL FOSSA 34

Dissection Overview 34

Skeleton of the Arm and Cubital Region 35

Dissection Instructions 35

Anterior Compartment of the Arm 35

Cubital Fossa 37

Posterior Compament of the Arm 38

Dissection Follow-up 39

FLEXOR REGION OF THE FOREARM 40

Dissection Overview 40

Skeleton of the Forearm 40

Dissection Instructions 41

Superficial Layer of Flexor Muscles 41

Intermediate Layer of Flexor Muscles 42

Vessels and Nerves of the Anterior Forearm 44

Deep Layer of Flexor Muscles 46

Dissection Follow-up 47

PALM OF THE HAND 46

Dissection Overview 46

Skeleton of the Hand 47

Dissection Instructions 47

Skin Incisions 47

Superficial Palm 47

Carpal Tunnel 49

Thenar Muscles 50

Hypothenar Muscles 51

Deep Palm 51

Dissection Follow-up 52

EXTENSOR REGION OF THE FOREARM AND DORSUM OF THE HAND 53

Dissection Overview 53

Dissection Instructions 53

Superficial Layer of Extensor Muscles 53

Deep Layer of Extensor Muscles 55

Dissection Follow-up 55

JOINTS OF THE UPPER LIMB 57

Dissection Overview 57

Dissection Instructions 57

Sternoclavicular Joint 57

Acromioclavicular Joint 58

Glenohumeral Joint 58

Elbow Joint and Proximal Radioulnar Joint 60

Intermediate Radioulnar Joint 61

Distal Radioulnar Joint 61

Wrist Joint 61

Metacarpophalangeal Joints 61

Interphalangeal Joints 62

3: THE THORAX 63

SURFACE ANATOMY 63

SKELETON OF THE THORAX 63

PECTORAL REGION 64

INTERCOSTAL SPACE AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES 65

Dissection Overview 65

Dissection Instructions 65

Dissection Follow-up 66

REMOVAL OF THE ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL 66

Dissection Overview 66

Dissection Instructions 67

Dissection Follow-up 67

PLEURAL CAVITIES 68

Dissection Overview 68

Dissection Instructions 69

Dissection Follow-up 69

LUNGS 69

Dissection Overview 69

Dissection Instructions 69

Lungs in the Thorax 69

Removal of the Lungs 70

Dissection Follow-up 72

MEDIASTINUM 72

Dissection Overview 72

Dissection Instructions 73

Dissection Follow-up 73

MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM 73

Dissection Overview 73

Dissection Instructions 73

Heart in the Thorax 73

Removal of the Heart 75

Dissection Follow-up 76

EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 76

Dissection Overview 76

Dissection Instructions 76

Surface Features 76

Cardiac Veins 76

Coronary Arteries 77

Dissection Follow-up 78

INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 78

Dissection Overview 78

Dissection Instructions 78

Right Atrium 78

Right Ventricle 79

Left Atrium 80

Left Ventricle 81

Dissection Follow-up 82

SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM 82

Dissection Overview 82

Dissection Instructions 82

Dissection Follow-up 84

POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 85

Dissection Overview 85

Dissection Instructions 85

Dissection Follow-up 87

4: THE ABDOMEN 89

SURFACE ANATOMY 89

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL 90

Dissection Overview 90

Dissection Instructions 90

Skin Incisions 90

Superficial Fascia 90

Dissection Follow-up 91

MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL 91

Dissection Overview 91

Skeleton of the Abdominal Wall 92

Dissection Instructions 92

External Oblique Muscle 92

Internal Oblique Muscle 93

Transversus Abdominis Muscle 94

Deep Inguinal Ring 95

Rectus Abdominis Muscle 95

Dissection Follow-up 98

REFLECTION OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL 98

Dissection Overview 98

Dissection Instructions 98

PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY 99

Dissection Overview 99

Dissection Instructions 99

Abdominal Viscera 99

Peritoneum 101

Dissection Follow-up 102

CELIAC TRUNK, STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, AND GALLBLADDER 102

Dissection Overview 102

Dissection Instructions 102

Celiac Trunk 103

Spleen 105

Liver 106

Gallbladder 107

Dissection Follow-up 107

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND SMALL INTESTINE 107

Dissection Overview 107

Dissection Instructions 108

Superior Mesenteric Artery 108

Small Intestine 110

Dissection Follow-up 110

INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND LARGE INTESTINE 110

Dissection Overview 110

Dissection Instructions 111

Inferior Mesenteric Artery 111

Large Intestine 111

Dissection Follow-up 112

DUODENUM, PANCREAS, AND HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN 112

Dissection Overview 112

Dissection Instructions 112

Duodenum 112

Pancreas 113

Hepatic Portal Vein 114

Dissection Follow-up 114

REMOVAL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 114

Dissection Overview 114

Dissection Instructions 114

Dissection Follow-up 116

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA 116

Dissection Overview 116

Dissection Instructions 117

Kidneys 117

Suprarenal Glands 119

Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava 120

Dissection Follow-up 120

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 121

Dissection Overview 121

Dissection Instructions 121

Lumbar Plexus 122

Abdominal Part of the Sympathetic Trunk 122

Dissection Follow-up 123

DIAPHRAGM 123

Dissection Overview 123

Dissection Instructions 123

Dissection Follow-up 124

5: THE PELVIS AND PERINEUM 125

SKELETON OF THE PELVIS 125

ANAL TRIANGLE 127

Dissection Overview 127

Dissection Instructions 127

Skin and Superficial Fascia Removal 127

Ischioanal Fossa 128

Dissection Follow-up 129

MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PERINEUM 129

Dissection Overview 129

Dissection Instructions 129

Scrotum 129

Spermatic Cord 130

Testis 131

Dissection Follow-up 131

MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE 132

Dissection Overview 132

Dissection Instructions 132

Skin Removal 132

Superficial Perineal Pouch 132

Penis 134

Spongy Urethra 135

Deep Perineal Pouch 136

Dissection Follow-up 137

MALE PELVIC CAVITY 137

Dissection Overview 137

Dissection Instructions 137

Peritoneum 137

Section of the Pelvis 138

Male Internal Genitalia 138

Dissection Follow-up 140

URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND ANAL CANAL 140

Dissection Overview 140

Dissection Instructions 141

Urinary Bladder 141

Rectum and Anal Canal 141

Dissection Follow-up 142

INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND SACRAL PLEXUS 143

Dissection Overview 143

Dissection Instructions 143

Blood Vessels 143

Nerves 144

Dissection Follow-up 145

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 145

Dissection Overview 145

Dissection Instructions 145

Dissection Follow-up 147

FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PERINEUM 147

Labium Majus 147

Dissection Overview 147

Dissection Instructions 148

Dissection Follow-up 148

FEMALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE 148

Dissection Overview 148

Dissection Instructions 148

External Genitalia 148

Skin Removal 149

Superficial Perineal Pouch and Clitoris 149

Deep Perineal Pouch 151

Dissection Follow-up 152

FEMALE PELVIC CAVITY 152

Dissection Overview 152

Dissection Instructions 153

Peritoneum 153

Section of the Pelvis 154

Female Internal Genitalia 154

Dissection Follow-up 156

URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND ANAL CANAL 156

Dissection Overview 156

Dissection Instructions 156

Urinary Bladder 156

Rectum and Anal Canal 158

Dissection Follow-up 159

INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND SACRAL PLEXUS 159

Dissection Overview 159

Dissection Instructions 159

Blood Vessels 159

Nerves 160

Dissection Follow-up 161

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 161

Dissection Overview 161

Dissection Instructions 163

Dissection Follow-up 163

6: THE LOWER LIMB 165

SURFACE ANATOMY 165

SUPERFICIAL VEINS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 165

Dissection Overview 165

Dissection Instructions 165

Skin Incisions 165

Superficial Fascia of the Posterior Lower Limb 166

Superficial Fascia of the Anterior Lower Limb 168

Dissection Follow-up 169

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 169

Dissection Overview 169

Skeleton of the Thigh 169

Dissection Instructions 170

Saphenous Opening 170

Femoral Triangle 171

Adductor Canal and Sartorius Muscle 173

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle 173

Dissection Follow-up 175

MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 175

Dissection Overview 175

Dissection Instructions 175

Dissection Follow-up 176

GLUTEAL REGION 176

Dissection Overview 176

Skeleton of the Gluteal Region 177

Dissection Instructions 177

Dissection Follow-up 180

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA 181

Dissection Overview 181

Skeleton of the PosteriorThigh 181

Dissection Instructions 181

Posterior Thigh 181

Popliteal Fossa 183

Dissection Follow-up 184

LEG AND DORSUM OF THE FOOT 184

Skeleton of the Leg 185

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 185

Dissection Overview 185

Dissection Instructions 186

Dissection Follow-up 189

LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 190

Dissection Overview 190

Dissection Instructions 190

Dissection Follow-up 190

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG AND DORSUM OF THE FOOT 190

Dissection Overview 190

Dissection Instructions 191

Dissection Follow-up 193

SOLE OF THE FOOT 193

Dissection Overview 193

Dissection Instructions 194

Plantar Aponeurosis and Cutaneous Nerves 194

First Layer of the Sole 195

Second Layer of the Sole 195

Third Layer of the Sole 196

Fourth Layer of the Sole 197

Dissection Follow-up 198

JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB 198

Dissection Overview 198

Dissection Instructions 198

Hip Joint 198

Knee Joint 200

Ankle Joint 202

Joints of Inversion and Eversion 203

7: THE HEAD AND NECK 205

NECK 205

Skeleton of the Neck 205

ORGANIZATION OF THE NECK 206

Dissection Overview 206

Dissection Instructions 206

Skin Removal 206

Posterior Triangle of the Neck 207

Dissection Follow-up 209

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK 209

Dissection Overview 209

Bones and Cartilages 209

Dissection Instructions 210

Superficial Fascia 210

Muscular Triangle 210

Submandibular Triangle 211

Submental Triangle 212

Carotid Triangle 212

Dissection Follow-up 214

THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS 215

Dissection Overview 215

Dissection Instructions 215

Dissection Follow-up 216

ROOT OF THE NECK 216

Dissection Overview 216

Dissection Instructions 216

Dissection Follow-up 218

HEAD 218

Skull 219

Anterior View of the Skull 219

Lateral View of the Skull 219

Superior View of the Skull 220

FACE 221

Surface Anatomy 221

Dissection Overview 221

Dissection Instructions 222

Skin Incisions 222

Superficial Fascia and Facial Nerve 222

Facial Artery and Vein 224

Muscles Around the Orbital Opening 224

Muscles Around the Oral Opening 224

Sensory Nerves of the Face 225

Dissection Follow-up 226

PAROTID REGION 226

Dissection Overview 226

Skeleton of the Parotid Region 226

Dissection Instructions 226

Dissection Follow-up 228

SCALP 228

Dissection Overview 228

Dissection Instructions 228

Dissection Follow-up 229

TEMPORAL REGION 230

Dissection Overview 230

Skeleton of the Temporal Region 230

Dissection Instructions 231

Masseter Muscle and Removal of the Zygomatic Arch 231

Temporal Region 232

Infratemporal Fossa 232

Temporomandibular Joint 234

Dissection Follow-up 235

INTERIOR OF THE SKULL 235

Dissection Overview 235

Dissection Instructions 235

Removal of the Calvaria 235

Cranial Meninges 236

Dissection Follow-up 238

REMOVAL OF THE BRAIN 238

Dissection Overview 238

Dissection Instructions 238

DURAL INFOLDINGS AND DURAL VENOUS SINUSES 239

Dissection Overview 239

Dissection Instructions 239

Durallnfoldings 239

Dural Venous Sinuses 239

Dissection Follow-up 240

GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 240

Dissection Overview 240

Dissection Instructions 240

Dissection Follow-up 242

CRANIAL FOSSAE 242

Dissection Overview 242

Skeleton of the Cranial Base 242

Dissection Instructions 243

Anterior Cranial Fossa 243

Middle Cranial Fossa 243

Posterior Cranial Fossa 245

Dissection Follow-up 245

ORBIT 245

Dissection Overview 245

Skeleton of the Orbit 246

Surface Anatomy of the Eyeball, Eyelids, and Lacrimal Apparatus 246

Dissection Instructions 247

Eyelid and Lacrimal Apparatus 247

Right Orbit from the Superior Approach 248

Left Orbit from the Anterior Approach 251

Dissection Follow-up 252

DISARTICULATION OF THE HEAD 252

Dissection Overview 252

Skeleton of the Suboccipital Region 252

Dissection Instructions 253

Retropharyngeal Space 253

Disarticulation of the Head 253

Prevertebral and Lateral Vertebral Regions 254

Dissection Follow-up 254

PHARYNX 255

Dissection Overview 255

Dissection Instructions 255

Muscles of the Pharyngeal Wall 255

Bisection of the Head 257

Internal Aspect of the Pharynx 258

Dissection Follow-up 259

NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY 259

Dissection Overview 259

Skeleton of the Nasal Cavity 259

Dissection Instructions 260

External Nose 260

Nasal Cavity 260

Nasal Septum 260

Lateral Wall of the Nasal Cavity 261

Dissection Follow-up 263

HARD PALATE AND SOFT PALATE 263

Dissection Overview 263

Skeleton of the Palate 263

Dissection Instructions 264

Soft Palate 264

Tonsillar Bed 266

Sphenopalatine Foramen and Pterygopalatine Fossa 266

Dissection Follow-up 267

ORAL REGION 268

Dissection Overview 268

Surface Anatomy of the Oral Vestibule 268

Surface Anatomy of the Oral Cavity Proper 268

Dissection Instructions 268

Tongue 268

Bisection of the Tongue and Mandible 269

Sublingual Region 270

Dissection Follow-up 271

LARYNX 271

Dissection Overview 271

Skeleton of the Larynx 271

Dissection Instructions 272

Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx 272

Interior of the Larynx 274

Dissection Follow-up 274

EAR 274

Dissection Overview 274

Temporal Bone 275

Dissection Instructions 275

External Ear 275

Middle Ear （Tympanic Cavity） 275

Internal Ear 278

Dissection Follow-up 278

INDEX 279