Measuring Human RightsPDF电子书下载

1 Introduction 1

Background developments 2

The purpose of measuring human rights 4

Overview of the book 6

2 The content of human rights 9

Introduction 9

The international human rights regime 10

Human rights in international law 16

The content of human rights 16

Rights in principle 19

Rights in policy 21

Rights in practice 23

Measurement complexity, validity and viability 24

The‘basic rights’argument 24

The‘obligations’argument 25

The‘implementation’argument 25

The‘unique rights’argument 26

Summary 30

3 Measuring human rights 31

The moment of measurement 32

Source material 34

Types of human rights measures 36

Events-based measures 37

Standards-based measures 37

Survey-based measures 38

Socio-economic and administrative statistics 39

Measuring to assess 40

Summary and the way forward 42

4 Events-based measures of human rights 45

Introduction 45

Events data in the social sciences 46

The methodology of events data 48

Source material 51

The use of events data 57

Assessing events data for measuring human rights 58

Summary 63

5 Standards-based measures 64

Introduction 64

Background: regime types and scales 65

Recent efforts: from freedom’to human rights 67

Freedom House 68

Political terror scale and the scale of torture 73

Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) human rights data 77

Measuring the de jure human rights commitments of states 78

Uses and limitations of standards-based measures 86

6 Survey-based measures 91

Introduction 91

The familiarity of surveys 93

Survey design 97

Sampling 99

Inferences 102

Limitations to survey-based measures 105

7 Socio-economic and administrative statistics 107

Introduction 107

Official statistics in measurement and monitoring 108

Using official statistics to measure human rights 112

Aggregate statistics: measuring rights in practice 112

Disaggregate statistics: measuring rights in policy and practice 116

Assessing the use of official statistics 122

Summary 126

8 Conclusion 127

Conceptual lessons 128

Methodological lessons 128

Policy lessons 130

Summary 131

Further Resources 134

Notes 136

References 138

Index 157