Principles of leadership and management in law enforcementPDF电子书下载
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- 作 者:by Michael L. Birzer
- 出 版 社:CRC Press
- 出版年份:2012
- ISBN:
- 页数:367 页
1 Introduction to the Modern Police Agency 1
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 1
Definitions 1
Chapter Objectives 1
Introduction 2
Management and Leadership 3
Evolution of the Modern Police Department 5
Early Policing 5
Early English Law Enforcement 5
Development of Established English Police Forces 7
Policing in the American Colonies 9
Policing in Urban America 10
State Police 12
Police Reform Era 12
Progressive Era 12
Professionalism 13
Wickersham Commission 13
Policing in the 1950s and Early 1960s 15
War on Crime Era 15
Community Policing 17
How Does Community Policing Affect the Role of the Police Supervisor? 19
Policing Styles 21
Watchman Style 21
Legalistic Style 22
Service Style 22
Development of Police Management Theory 23
Traditional Management Model 23
Scientific Management 23
Bureaucratic Management 23
Administrative Management 24
Leadership 24
Human Relations Model 25
Behavioral Science Model 25
Systems Theory 26
Contingency Theory 26
Human Resources Model 26
Organizational Culture 29
Questions in Review 29
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 31
Lucky or Cunning and Resourceful 31
What Is Your Opinion? And Your Justification for That Opinion? 31
End Notes 32
2 Introduction to Management Theory 35
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 35
Definitions 35
Chapter Objectives 36
Introduction 37
Management Theory 39
Scientific Management 40
Frederick Winslow Taylor 40
Henry Gantt 41
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth 43
Bureacratic Management 44
Max Weber 44
Administrative Management 48
Henri Fayol 48
Mary Parker Follett 49
Chester Barnard 50
The Humanistic Management Approach 50
The Human Relations Movement 50
Elton Mayo 50
Abraham Maslow 51
Behavioral Systems 53
Kurt Lewin 53
The Human Resources Perspective 54
Douglas McGregor 54
Rensis Likert 56
Systems Approach 57
Peter Drucker 57
W. Edwards Deming 59
Questions in Review 61
End Notes 61
Suggested Additional References and Links to the Web 62
3 Operational Management of a Police Agency 63
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 63
Definitions 63
Chapter Objectives 63
Introduction 64
Basic Functions of a Police Agency 65
Patrol Operations 65
Directed Patrol 67
Split Force Patrolling 67
Difierential Response to Calls 67
Investigation Process 68
Decoy and Sting Operations 70
Organizational Structure and Design 70
Difierentiation 71
Spans of Management 71
Structural Design 72
Structure and Community Policing 73
Organizational Development 74
Personnel 75
Job Description 75
Job Design 75
Shifts 77
Commitment 78
Questions in Review 79
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 79
What Makes People Satised with the Police? 79
What Did the Researchers Find? 80
How Can the Police Increase Public Satisfaction with the General Perception of Police Performance? 80
End Notes 80
4 Leadership Approaches 83
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 83
Definitions 83
Chapter Objectives 83
Introduction 85
What Is Leadership? 86
Leadership Approaches 87
Trait Approach 87
Sir Francis Galton 87
Ralph Stogdill and Cecil Goode 88
Situational Approach 89
Contingency Approach 90
Transactional Approach 92
Leadership Styles 93
Authoritarian (Autocratic) 93
Democratic (Participative) 96
Laissez-Faire 96
Charismatic Leaders 97
Which Leadership Style and When? 99
Questions in Review 99
End Notes 100
Suggested Additional References and Links to the Web 101
5 Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation 103
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 103
Definitions 103
Chapter Objectives 104
Introduction 104
What Is Planning? 105
Traditional Planning 105
Why Plan? 107
Evolving Themes 108
The Use of Research in Planning 108
Strategic Planning 109
The Applied Strategic Planning Model 111
Planning to Plan 111
Values Scan 111
Mission Formation 113
Strategic Business Modeling 113
Performance Audit 113
Gap Analysis 114
Integrating Action Plans 114
Contingency Planning 115
Implementation 115
Types of Plans 116
Operational Plans versus Strategic Plans 116
Short-Term versus Long-Term Plans 116
Single-Use Plans 117
Other Miscellaneous Plans 117
Personnel Allocation and Staffing Plans 117
Personnel Plans 118
Training Plans 118
Budget Plans 118
Factors in Planning 119
Planning a Diverse Workforce 119
Envisioning and Planning 119
Evaluation 120
Questions in Review 121
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 122
What Does Management Expect from Subordinates? 122
End Notes 123
6 A Business Approach to Policing? 125
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 125
Definitions 125
Chapter Objectives 126
Introduction 126
Basic Elements of Total Quality Management 127
The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle 128
Historical Development of Total Quality Management 130
A Brief on Deming, Juran, and Crosby 130
Benchmarking 132
Six Sigma 134
Applying TQM Methods in Police Organizations 135
TQM and Community Policing 136
Reengineering 138
Process Simplication 139
Technology 140
Applying Reengineering Principles to Police Organizations 140
COMPSTAT 141
Questions in Review 143
End Notes 143
Suggested Additional References and Links to the Web 144
7 Problem Solving 147
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 147
Definitions 147
Chapter Objectives 148
Introduction 148
Discretion 150
Managing Discretion 152
Controlling Discretion through Professionalism 153
The Nature of Decision Making 154
Group Decision Making 155
Analytical Tools for Decision Making 157
Community Policing 160
Supervision and Management in Community Policing 163
Questions in Review 166
End Notes 166
Suggested Additional References and Links to the Web 167
8 Technology and Management 169
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 169
Definitions 169
Chapter Objectives 170
Introduction 170
Police Technology 171
Historical View of Police Technology 171
The Current State of Police Technology 173
Computer-Aided Dispatch 174
Mobile Data Terminals 177
Automatic Vehicle Locator Systems 178
Automatic Vehicle Monitoring 179
Personal Locator Transmitter 180
Remote Control Information System 180
Crime Detection and Analysis Technology 180
Crime Mapping Technology 181
The Computer and Criminal Investigation 182
Evolving Weapon and Crime Control Technology 182
The Smart Gun 183
Fleeing Vehicle Tagging System 183
Disabling Net and Launcher 183
Mobile Video Recorders 184
Management and Technology 185
Human Resource Allocations 186
Training 186
Computer Crimes 187
Future Trends 188
Management Considerations 189
Organizational Issues 190
Questions in Review 190
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 191
Failure to Supervise a Police Lab in Houston, Texas 191
What Happened? 192
End Results 192
End Notes 192
9 Job-Related Issues 195
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 195
Definitions 195
Chapter Objectives 196
Introduction 196
Stress and the Police Occupation 196
A Portrait of Police Work 197
Police Stress 199
Levels of Stress 202
The Patrol Level 202
The Supervisor Level 203
Middle Management Level 203
Command Level 203
Special Case Stressors 205
Minority and Female Police Offcers 205
Family Issues 206
Organizational Stressors 206
Critical Life Events 208
End Result of Police Stress 208
Substance Abuse 208
Danger Signs 209
Police Suicide 210
Managing Stress 213
Physical Exercise 214
Proper Diet 214
Social Affiliations 214
Relaxation Techniques 214
Other Approaches to Stress Management 215
A Healthy Work Environment 215
Critical Incident Stress Debriefings 215
Policing a Multicultural Community 216
Demographics and Diversity 217
Challenges and Opportunities for Law Enforcement 217
Hate Crimes 217
Building and Supporting a Multicultural Workforce 218
Training Officers to Work in a Multicultural Society 219
Questions in Review 222
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 222
Fighting Monsters 222
End Notes 224
Suggested Further References and Links to the Web 226
10 Training and Education 229
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 229
Definitions 229
Chapter Objectives 229
Introduction 230
Why Train? 231
Legal Issues 232
Training Methods 236
Behaviorist Police Training 236
New Approaches to Police Training 238
Andragogy and Police Training 238
Training Applications 239
Cultural Diversity Training 239
Conflict Resolution and Mediation 240
Criminal Procedure 240
Community Survey 241
Experience and the Classroom 242
Training Curriculum 242
Historical Underpinnings 243
Evolving Police Training Curriculum 244
Caveats for Managers 248
The Environment of Police Training 249
Police Education 251
Questions in Review 255
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 255
City’s Insurance Rates Rise: Suit over Police Chase Is Blamed 256
Oakland Considers Video Cameras in Police Cars in Reacting to Weight of Recent Lawsuits against City Cops 256
Supreme Court Examines Police Liability for Faulty Warrant 257
End Notes 258
Suggested Additional References 260
11 Recruitment and Selection 261
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 261
Definitions 261
Chapter Objectives 261
Introduction 262
Recruitment 264
Impact of Higher Education on Police Hiring Practices 265
Women in Policing 271
Minority Recruitment 277
Selection of New Hires 279
Preemployment Standards 280
Americans with Disabilities Act 283
Drug Testing 284
Written Tests 285
Psychological Testing 285
Background Investigation 286
Polygraph Examinations 287
Interviews 287
Assessment Centers 289
Questions in Review 290
End Notes 290
Suggested Additional References and Links to the Web 291
12 Impact of the Courts and Legislation on Police Management 293
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 293
Definitions 293
Chapter Objectives 294
Introduction 294
Employment Discrimination 296
Scope of the Act 296
Title VIⅦ Suits 297
Types of Violations under Title Ⅶ 297
Disparate Treatment 297
Retaliation 298
Constructive Discharge 298
Disparate Impact 298
Religious Discrimination 298
Affirmative Action Programs 299
Drug Testing of Police Officers 299
Sexual Harassment 301
Labor Relations 302
The Police Union Movement 304
Impact of Unionization on Professionalism 306
Impact of Unions on Pay and Working Conditions 307
Collective Bargaining 308
Police Strikes 309
Management Rights 310
Memoranda of Understanding 310
Off- Duty Employment of Police Officers 311
Conflicts of Interests 311
Other Limitations 312
Models for Off-Duty Employment 312
Police Response to Special Populations 312
Questions in Review 313
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 314
Do Police Officers Accused of Sex Offenses Get Only Slaps on the Wrist? 314
End Notes 315
13 Homeland Security and Policing 317
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 317
Definitions 317
Chapter Objectives 319
Acronyms Used in Homeland Security 319
Introduction 321
Homeland Security Act of 2002 322
Components of the DHS 323
Agencies of the DHS 323
Strategic Goals of the DHS 325
The DHS and Cyber Security 325
Law Enforcement and the DHS 327
Maritime Drug Interdiction 327
Treaty Enforcement 327
Living Marine Resource 327
National Incident Management System (NIMS) 327
Incident Command System (ICS) 328
Preparedness 328
Communications and Information Management 328
Joint Information System (JIS) 328
NIMS Integration Center (NIC) 329
General Police Duties aer a Terrorist Act 329
Guide to Personal Emergency Preparedness 330
Coping after a Terrorist Event 330
Reactions to a Terrorist Act 330
Practical Coping Ideas 332
Questions in Review 333
Biggest Mistakes Police Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 333
End Notes 333
14 Ethics 335
Key Individuals, Concepts, and Issues 335
Definitions 335
Chapter Objectives 335
Introduction: What Is Ethics? 336
What Constitutes Ethical Behavior? 337
Ethics as a Restriction on Behavior 338
Kantian Ethics 339
Moral Development 341
Values 342
Law Enforcement Values 344
Departmental Values 344
Management Tools 345
Organizational Culture 345
Personal Gratuities 346
Individual Guidance 346
Leadership Roles 347
Internal Affairs Unit 348
Ethics in Review 350
Ethical Exercises 352
Questions in Review 352
Biggest Mistakes Poiice Leadership Makes and How to Avoid Them 352
End Notes 353
Index 355
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