流态化工程原理PDF电子书下载

Fluidization Engineering Principles 2

1-1 Fluidization Phenomenon 2

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW Jin Yong 2

第1章 概论 金涌 2

1-1 流态化现象 2

1-2 Study Areas of Fluidization Engineering 6

1-2 流态化工程的研究领域 6

1-3 流态化技术的发展沿革及其工业应用 8

1-3 Developments and Applications of Fluidization Technology 8

1-4 Comparison between Fluidization Technology and Similar Technologies 13

1-4 流态化技术与其他同类技术的比较及其优缺点 13

References 14

Nomenclature 14

符号说明 14

参考文献 14

2-1-1 Conditions for fluidization and basic characteristics of fluidization 17

2-1 Basic Characteristics and Quality of Fluidization 17

CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUIDIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FLUIDIZATION REGIMES Zhu Jingxu and Zhang Hui 17

第2章 流态化基础知识和流型分类 祝京旭、张辉 17

2-1 流态化的基本特征和流化质量 17

2-1-1 流化形成的条件和流态化的基本特征 17

2-1-2 流化质量、聚式与散式流态化 18

2-1-2 Fluidization quality, aggregate and particulate fluidization 18

2-1-3 Bed pressure drop versus fluidization velocity, incipient fluidization velocity 20

2-1-3 床层压降与流体流速的关系、起始流化速度 20

2-1-4 流化床反应器的基本结构 21

2-1-4 Structure of fluidized bed reactors 21

2-2-1 单颗粒的基本性质 24

2-2 颗粒的基本性质和分类 24

2-2 Basic Properties and Classification of Solid Particles 24

2-2-1 Basic properties of single particles 24

2-2-2 单颗粒的流动行为 27

2-2-2 Dynamic properties of single particles 27

2-2-3 Particle size distribution and equivalent particle diameters 29

2-2-3 颗粒群的粒度分布与平均当量直径 29

2-2-4 颗粒密度的几种定义及其测定方法 31

2-2-4 Definitions of various particle densities and their measurements 31

2-2-5 Angles of repose, internal friction and slide 32

2-2-5 颗粒群的堆积角、内摩擦角和滑落角 32

2-2-6 Mechanical properties of particles 33

2-2-6 颗粒群的机械性质 33

2-2-7 Effects of particle properties on fluidization behaviour-Geldart particle classification 36

2-2-7 颗粒性质对流化行为的影响——Geldart的颗粒分类法 36

2-2-8 Particle classification by bed collapse test and its application 37

2-2-8 应用床层塌落法对颗粒分类 37

2-3 流化床反应器的流型及流型转变 39

2-3-1 传统低气速流态化中的流型 39

2-3 Fluidization Regimes and Regime Transitions 39

2-3-1 Fluidization regimes in conventional low gas velocity fluidized bed 39

2-3-2 Transition from low gas velocity to high gas velocity fluidization 40

2-3-2 从低气速到高气速的转变 40

2-3-3 Typical fluidization regime maps 42

2-3-3 几种典型的流型图（相图） 42

符号说明 46

Nomenclature 46

参考文献 49

References 49

3-1-1 气体分布器 55

3-1 气固密相流化床的结构和主要组成部分 55

第3章 气固密相流化床 蔡平 范良士 55

CHAPTER 3 GAS-SOLID DENSE-PHASE FLUIDIZED BEDS Cai Ping and Fan Liang Shi 55

3-1 Typical Structure and Main Components of a Gas-Solid Dense-Phase Fluidized bed 55

3-1-1 Gas distributor 55

3-1-2 Freeboard and enlargement section 56

3-1-3 Cyclone and dipleg 56

3-1-2 自由空域和扩大段 56

3-1-3 旋风分离器和料腿 56

3-2-1 气固散式流态化的一般行为 57

3-2-1 Characteristics of gas-solid particulate fluidization 57

3-2 Gas-Solid Particulate Fluidization and its Stability 57

3-1-4 Internals 57

3-1-4 内部构件 57

3-2 气固散式流态化及其稳定性 57

3-2-2 气固散式流态化发生的判据 58

3-2-2 Criteria for gas-solid particulate fluidization 58

3-2-3 气固散式流态化的稳定性分析及初始气泡的产生 59

3-2-3 Stability analysis for gas solid particulate fluidization and the formation of bubbles 59

3-3-1 流化床中的单个气泡 60

3-3 气固鼓泡流态化 60

3-3-1 Behaviour of Single bubbles 60

3-3 Gas-Solid Bubbling Fluidization 60

3-3-2 Flow around single bubbles 63

3-3-2 流化床中单个气泡周围的流场 63

3-3-3 Formation of bubbles and jets at the distributor 65

3-3-3 气泡与射流在分布器上的形成 65

3-3-4 Interaction, coalescence and breakup of bubbles 66

3-3-4 气泡间的相互作用、聚并和破碎 66

3-3-5 气泡尺寸 68

3-3-5 Bubble size 68

3-3-6 气泡上升速度 69

3-3-6 Bubble rise velocity 69

3-3-7 Gas distribution and the two-phase theory 70

3-3-7 气体在相间的分配和两相理论 70

3-3-8 Bubble holdup and bed expansion 72

3-3-8 流化床内的气泡体积分数及床层膨胀 72

3-4 Turbulent Fluidization 73

3-4-1 Characteristics of turbulent fluidization 73

3-4 湍动流态化 73

3-4-1 湍动流态化的流型特征 73

3-4-2 Definition and identification of turbulent fluidization 74

3-4-2 湍动流态化的定义与判别 74

3-4-3 Mechanism and modelling of the transition to turbulent fluidization 75

3-4-3 向湍动流态化转变的机理和模型 75

3-4-4 影响流型转变的诸因素及其关联式 76

3-4-4 Factors affecting regime transition and related correlations 76

3-4-5 Operating parameters for turbulent fluidization and their calculations 83

3-4-5 湍动流态化各操作参数的计算及其变化规律 83

3-5 Slugging 85

3-5-1 Formation of slugs 85

3-5-2 Shape and rising velocity of single slugs 85

3-5 节涌流态化 85

3-5-1 节涌的产生 85

3-5-2 单个气栓的形状和上升速度 85

3-6 Particle Elutriation and Carry-over in the Freeboard 86

3-5-3 Continuous slugging 86

3-5-3 连续节涌的特性 86

3-6 流化床自由空域内颗粒的扬析和夹带 86

3-6-1 Elutriation, carry-over and transport disengagement height 87

3-6-1 扬析、夹带与沉降分离高度 87

3-6-3 计算关联式及模型 88

3-6-2 Mechanism of particle ejection into the freeboard 88

3-6-2 颗粒弹射入自由空域的机理 88

3-6-3 Correlations and modelling 88

3-7 Industrial Applications of Gas-Solid Dense-Phase Fluidized Bed 90

3-8 结束语 90

3-7 气固密相流化床的工业应用 90

3-8 Concluding Remarks 90

符号说明 95

Nomenclature 95

参考文献 97

References 97

第4章 循环流化床 白丁荣 106

4-1 循环流化床装置及流型 106

4-1-1 循环流化床装置 106

CHAPTER 4 CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BEDS Bar Dingrong 106

4-1 Typical Structure of Circulating Fluidized Beds and the Operating Regimes 106

4-1-1 Typical set-up of circulating fluidized beds 106

4-1-2 Regime transitions and fluidization regime maps 108

4-1-2 流型转变及流化相图 108

4-1-3 气体饱和夹带 112

4-1-3 Gas saturation carrying capacity 112

4-2 循环流化床的操作稳定性 115

4-2-1 稳定性分析 115

4-2 Operation Stability 115

4-2-1 Stability analysis 115

4-2-2 Definitions and classifications of choking 116

4-2-2 噎塞现象及其判据 116

4-3 循环流态化气固流动规律 118

4-3 Hydrodynamics of Gas-Solid Circulating Fluidized Beds 118

4-3-1 局部流动结构及其规律 118

4-3-1 Local flow structure 118

4-3-2 轴向流动规律 126

4-3-2 Axial flow structure 126

4-3-3 径向流动规律 138

4-3-3 Radial flow structure 138

4-3-4 整体流动规律 146

4-3-4 Overall flow structure 146

4-4 Hydrodynamic Modelling 150

4-4-1 局部结构模型 150

4-4 循环流态化气固流动模型 150

4-4-1 Models for local flow structure 150

4-4-2 一维轴向流动模型 151

4-4-2 One-dimensional axial flow models 151

4-4-3 Core-annulus flow models 154

4-4-3 环-核流动模型 154

4-5-1 气体混合及其停留时间分布 157

4-5 气固混合及停留时间分布 157

4-4-4 两维流体力学模型 157

4-5-1 Gas mixing and residence time distribution 157

4-5 Gas and Solids Mixing and Residence Time Distributions 157

4-4-4 Two-dimensional flow models 157

4-5-2 固体混合及其停留时间分布 161

4-5-2 Solids mixing and residence time distribution 161

4-6-1 Axial solids segregation and operating ranges 165

4-6 Multi-Component Particle Systems 165

4-6 多组分颗粒循环流态化 165

4-6-1 颗粒轴向离析及操作区域 165

4-6-2 Axial voidage distribution 168

4-6-2 空隙率轴向分布 168

4-6-3 Interaction between particles 170

4-6-3 颗粒间相互作用 170

4-6-4 Binary particle circulating fluidized beds as chemical reactors 171

4-6-4 双组分循环流化床的反应行为 171

4-7 High-Destiny Circulating Fluidized Beds 172

4-7 高密度循环流化床 172

4-8 Design and Seale-up of Circulating Fluidized Beds 177

4-8 循环流化床的设计与放大 177

4-8-1 循环系统的构成及设计应考虑的主要因素 178

4-8-1 Key components and important considerations for the design of circulating fluidized beds 178

4-8-2 循环流化床的放大准则 182

4-8-2 Scaling rules for circulating fluidized beds 182

4-9 循环流化床的应用 184

4-9 Applications of Circulating Fluidized Beds 184

4-9-1 低、中温的气固非均相催化反应过程 186

4-9-1 Low to medium temperature gas-phase heterogeneous catalytic reactions 186

4-9-2 Gas-solid non-catalytic reactions 191

4-9-2 气固非催化反应过程 191

4-9-3 Physical processes 193

4-9-3 物理过程 193

Nomenclature 195

符号说明 195

References 201

参考文献 201

CHAPTER 5 GAS-SOLID COCURRENT DOWNFLOW FLUIDIZATION Wei Fei,Zhu Jingxu, Qi Chunming and Jin Yong 217

第5章 气固顺重力场流态化 魏飞 祝京旭 祁春鸣 金涌 217

5-1 Developments and Applications of Downflow Circulating Fluidized Beds(Downers) 218

5-1 顺重力场循环流化床的发展与工业实践 218

5-1-1 气固并流下行床研究的沿革 218

5-1-1 Inception and developments of downflow fluidized beds 218

5-1-2 下行循环流化床的应用 220

5-1-2 Applications of downflow circulating fluidized beds 220

5-2 Structure of Downer Reactors 224

5-2 下行床反应器的结构 224

5-2-1 Gas and solids distributors 225

5-2-1 气固入口分布器 225

5-2-2 Downer column 227

5-2-3 Gas-solids fast separators 227

5-2-2 下行床反应器主体 227

5-2-3 气固快速分离 227

5-3 下行床的流体力学特征 229

5-3 Hydrodynamics of Downers 229

5-3-1 Flow regions in the downer 230

5-3-1 下行床的流动分区 230

5-3-2 Pressure distripution, axial distributions of solids velocity and concentration 232

5-3-2 轴向压力分布及轴向颗粒浓度与速度的变化 232

5-3-3 局部气体速度径向分布 233

5-3-3 Radial distributions of gas velocity 233

5-3-4 局部颗粒速度径向分布 234

5-3-4 Radial distributions of particle velocity 234

5-3-5 局部颗粒浓度径向分布 235

5-3-5 Radial distributions of solids concentration 235

5-3-6 Radial distributions of slip velocity and velocity fluctuation 237

5-3-6 局部滑落速度及脉动速度的径向分布 237

5-3-7 Analysis of the interaction between gas and solids in the downer and the riser 239

5-3-7 下行床与提升管中气体及颗粒之间的相互作用分析 239

5-4 Gas-solids Fluid Dynamic Models 241

5-4 气固湍流流动模型 241

5-4-1 Conventional two-fluid model 242

5-4-1 传统双流体模型 242

5-4-2 kinetic theory of particulate phase and research development 244

5-4-2 颗粒相动力学理论、模型及研究进展 244

5-4-3 Comparison between modeling and experi mental results 251

5-4-3 模拟结果与实验数据的对照分析 251

5-5 气、固两相流动非线性动力学分析 263

5-5 Non-linear Analyses on the Gas and Solids Dynamic Flow Structure 263

5-5-1 混沌分析 264

5-5-1 Chaotic analyses 264

5-5-2 Chaotic analyses in the fully developed region in the riser and the downer 267

5-5-2 提升管和下行床完全发展段混沌动力学分析 267

5-6-1 Axial solids mixing 273

5-6-1 轴向颗粒混合 273

5-6 Gas and Solids Mixing 273

5-6 气固混合 273

5-6-2 径向颗粒混合 276

5-6-2 Radial solids mixing 276

5-6-3 气体混合 278

5-6-3 Gas mixing 278

5-7-1 Heat transfer between bed and suspended surface 280

5-7-1 下行床床层与浸入换热面的传热 280

5-7 下行床中的传热问题 280

5-7 Heat Transfer 280

5-7-2 Gas-solid heat transfer 281

5-7-2 下行床床层中气固相间的传热 281

5-8 结束语 282

5-8 Concluding Remarks 282

符号说明 283

Nomenclature 283

References 286

参考文献 286

6-1-1 气体与颗粒间的传热 294

6-1 鼓泡流化床内的传热 294

第6章 气固流化床的传热 祝京旭 马颖亮 栾文琦 294

6-1 Heat Transfer in Bubbling Fluidized Beds 294

6-1-1 Transfer between gas and solids 294

CHAPTER 6 HEAT TRANSFER IN GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BEDS*Zhu Jingxu, Ma YingLiang and Luan Wenqi 294

6-1-2 Transfer between bed and heat transfer surfaces 297

6-1-2 床层与传热表面间的传热规律 297

6-1-3 Mechanism and modelling of transfer between bed and surfaces 300

6-1-3 床层与传热表面间的传热机理与模型 300

6-1-4 辐射传热 303

6-1-4 Radiation heat transfer 303

6-2 循环流化床内的传热 304

6-2-1 床层与传热表面间的传热规律与影响因素 304

6-2 Heat Transfer in Circulating Fluidized Beds 304

6-2-1 Transfer between bed suspension and surfaces, and main influencing factors 304

6-2-2 Locations of heat transfer surfaces and their functions 311

6-2-2 传热面的设置及其作用 311

6-2-3 Radiation heat transfer under high temperature conditions 312

6-2-3 高温操作中的辐射传热 312

6-3 Heat Transfer Mechanism and Modelling between Bed Suspension and Walls in Circulating Fluidized Beds 314

6-3-1 Particle convection 314

6-3 循环流化床内床层与壁面的传热机理与模型 314

6-3-1 颗粒对流传热 314

6-3-2 Gas convection 318

6-3-2 气体对流传热 318

6-3-3 Radiation 319

6-3-3 辐射传热 319

6-4 传热实验的测量手段 320

6-4-1 对流传热的测量 320

6-4 Measurement Methods in Heat Transfer Experiments 320

6-4-1 Convective heat transfer 320

6-4-2 Radiative heat transfer 322

6-4-2 辐射传热的测量 322

6-5 Concluding Remarks 323

Nomenclature 323

6-5 结束语 323

符号说明 323

参考文献 327

References 327

7-1 统一流化床两相反应器模型 334

第7章 流化床反应器的模型与放大 毕晓涛 334

7-1 Generalized Two-Phase Model 334

CHAPTER 7 MODELLING AND SCALE-UP OF FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS Bi Xiaotao 334

7-2 鼓泡流化床的反应器模型 335

7-2-1 鼓泡流化床的两相反应器模型 335

7-2 Bubbling Fluidized Bed Models 335

7-2-1 Two-phase bubbling fluidized bed models 335

7-2-2 鼓泡流化床的三相反应器模型 338

7-2-2 Three-phase bubbling fluidized bed models 338

7-2-3 Comparison between experimental results and predictions of various models 339

7-2-3 典型模型计算结果与实验数据的比较 339

7-2-4 Influence of internals, distributor and freeboard on reaction conversion 342

7-2-4 内构件、分布板区及稀相空域对转化率的影响 342

7-4 湍动流化床的反应器模型 343

7-3 节涌流化床的反应器模型 343

7-3 Slugging Fluidized Bed Reactor Models 343

7-4 Turbulent Fluidized Bed Reactor Models 343

7-5-1 One-dimensional plug flow models 345

7-5 快速流化床的反应器模型 345

7-5-1 一维平推流模型 345

7-5 Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Models 345

7-5-2 环-核反应器模型 346

7-5-2 Core-annuals models 346

7-5-3 颗粒团聚模型 348

7-5-4 线流流动模型 348

7-5-3 Cluster models 348

7-5-4 Drift flux models 348

7-5-5 Effects of inlet, exit and internals 349

7-5-5 进、出口结构及内置构件的影响 349

7-6 Industrial Scale-up of Fluidized Bed Reactors 350

7-6 流化床反应器的放大 350

7-7 Concluding Remarks 351

7-7 结束语 351

符号说明 352

Nomenclature 352

References 354

参考文献 354

8-1-1 Spouting phenomena and operating range 360

第8章 喷动床 祝京旭 洪江 360

8-1 喷动床的基本特征 360

8-1-1 喷动现象和操作范围 360

CHAPTER 8 SPOUTED BED Zhu Jingxu and Hong Jiang 360

8-1 Characteristics of Spouted Beds 360

8-1-2 喷动床反应器的基本结构 362

8-1-2 Typical structure of spouted bed reactors 362

8-1-3 喷动床和密相流化床的同异点 363

8-1-3 Spouted beds versus dense-phase fluidized beds 363

8-2-1 气、固两相的总体流动行为 364

8-2-1 Overall flow behaviour of gas and solids 364

8-2 喷动床的流动行为 364

8-2-2 Onset of spouting and minimum spouting velocity 364

8-2-2 喷动床的起动和最小喷动速度 364

8-2 Hydrodynamics of Spouted Bed 364

8-2-3 Maximum spoutable bed height and its physical meaning 366

8-2-3 最大喷动床高及其物理意义 366

8-2-4 Spout diameter and flow behaviour inside the spout 368

8-2-4 喷射区的直径和流动特性 368

8-2-5 环隙区的两相流动 370

8-2-5 Flow behaviour of the two phases in the annulus 370

8-2-6 喷泉区的流动行为 371

8-2-6 Flow behaviour in the fountain region 371

8-2-7 颗粒的混合与分层 372

8-2-7 Solids mixing and separation 372

8-3-1 多喷头喷动床 373

8-3 喷动床的床型变化 373

8-3 Variations of Spouted Bed Structure 373

8-3-1 Multiple spouting 373

8-3-2 带引导管的喷动床 374

8-3-2 Spouted bed with draft tubes 374

8-3-3 Spout-fluid beds 375

8-3-3 喷动-流化床 375

8-3-4 Internal circulating fluidized beds 376

8-4 Modelling and Scale-up of Spouted Beds 376

8-4-1 Hydrodynamic modelling 376

8-4 喷动床的模型与放大 376

8-3-4 内循环床 376

8-4-1 喷动床的流动模型 376

8-4-2 Reactor modelling 383

8-4-2 喷动床的反应模型 383

8-4-3 Scaling rules for spouted beds 385

8-4-3 喷动床的放大规律 385

8-5 喷动床的应用 386

8-5-1 干燥及其他物理过程 386

8-5 Applications of Spouted Beds 386

8-5-1 Drying and other physical processes 386

8-5-3 燃烧和气化 387

8-5-2 Chemical reactions 387

8-5-3 Combustion and gasification 387

8-5-2 化学反应 387

8-5-4 细颗粒的捕集 388

8-5-5 颗粒的粉碎 388

符号说明 388

8-5-4 Collection of fine particles 388

Nomenclature 388

8-5-5 Particle Communition 388

References 390

参考文献 390

CHAPTER 9 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF FLUIDIZED BEDS Yu Zhiqing 399

第9章 流态化的工业应用 俞芷青 399

9-1-1 Drying 400

9-1 Physical Processes 400

9-1 物理过程的应用 400

9-1-1 干燥 400

9-1-2 移热 402

9-1-2 Heat removal 402

9-1-3 Pneumatic transport 403

9-1-3 气力输送 403

9-1-4 物料混合与分级 404

9-1-4 Solids mixing and segregation 404

9-1-5 包涂 405

9-1-5 Coating 405

9-1-6 Adsorption 407

9-2 合成反应 407

9-1-6 吸附 407

9-2 Synthesis Reactions 407

9-2-1 邻苯二甲酸酐（苯酐） 408

9-2-1 Phthalic anhydride 408

9-2-2 醋酸乙烯 409

9-2-2 Vinyl acetate 409

9-2-3 Acrylonitrile 410

9-2-3 丙烯腈 410

9-2-5 Maleic anhydride 411

9-2-5 顺丁烯二酸酐（马来酸酐） 411

9-2-6 乙烯氧氯化制二氯乙烷 411

9-2-6 Ethylene oxidation-chlorization to dichloroethane 411

9-2-4 丁烯氧化脱氢制丁二烯 411

9-2-4 Oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene 411

9-3-2 Short-contact catalytic cracking 412

9-3-1 Fluid catalytic cracking 412

9-3 Hydrocarbon Conversions 412

9-3 烃类加工 412

9-3-1 催化裂化 412

9-3-2 催化裂化超短接触反应器 412

9-3-3 重油裂化 414

9-3-4 热裂解与催化裂解 414

9-3-3 Heavy oil cracking 414

9-3-4 Thermal cracking and catalytic cracking 414

9-3-5 Fischer-Tropsech synthesis 415

9-3-5 费-托合成 415

9-4 Calcination of Ore 416

9-4-1 Calcination of phosphate rock 416

9-4-1 硫铁矿焙烧 416

9-4 矿石焙烧 416

9-4-5 石灰石煅烧 417

9-4-5 Calcination of calcium carbonate 417

9-4-4 Calcination of alumina 417

9-4-3 Calcination of iron ore 417

9-4-2 Pre-reduction of iron ore 417

9-4-3 贫铁矿磁化焙烧 417

9-4-4 氧化铝煅烧 417

9-4-2 铁矿的预还原 417

9-5 Coal Utilization 419

9-5 煤的利用 419

9-5-1 煤的燃烧 419

9-5-1 Coal combustion 419

9-5-2 Gasification of coal and other organic materials 420

9-5-2 煤及其他有机物的气化 420

9-6 Reactions in Nuclear Industry 421

9-6 核化工反应 421

9-7 循环流化床的应用 422

9-7 Applications of Circulating Fluidized Beds 422

References 424

参考文献 424

9-8 Applications of Liquid-Solid and Three-Phase Fluidized Beds 424

9-8 液固流化床及三相流化床的应用 424

10-1 流化床的实验设备 430

第10章 流化床的实验设备和测试技术 汪展文 周家骅 祝京旭 430

10-1-1 Typical structure of dense-phase fluidized beds 430

10-1 Experimental Equipment 430

CHAPTER 10 EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT, MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, AND INSTRUMENTATION OF FLUIDIED BEDS Wang Zhanwen Zhou Jiahua and Zhu Jingxu 430

10-1-1 密相流化床的基本结构 430

10-1-2 Two-dimensional beds and semi-columns 431

10-1-2 二维床和半床 431

10-1-3 Circulating fluidized beds 432

10-1-3 循环流化床 432

10-1-4 实验用流化床设计的一般原则 433

10-1-4 General principles for the design of experimental fluidized beds 433

10-2 各种颗粒性质的测量方法 434

10-1-5 流化介质及其流量测量 434

10-2-1 颗粒直径的测量方法 434

10-1-5 Fluid medium and flowrate measurements 434

10-2 Measurement of Particle Properties 434

10-2-1 Particle diameters 434

10-2-2 颗粒密度的测量方法 438

10-2-3 颗粒形状的测量方法 438

10-2-3 Particle shape 438

10-2-2 Particle densities 438

10-3-1 压力和压差的测量 439

10-3 流化床中各种流体力学特性的测量 439

10-3-1 Absolute and differential pressure 439

10-3 Measurement of Hydrodynamic Flow Properties 439

10-3-2 气泡行为的测量 440

10-3-2 Bubble behaviour 440

10-3-3 气样的采集及气体速度的测量 443

10-3-3 Gas sampling and measurements of gas velocity 443

10-3-4 颗粒浓度的测量 444

10-3-4 Particle concentration 444

10-3-5 颗粒速度的测量 453

10-3-5 Particle velocity 453

10-3-6 Solid circulation rate in circulating fluidized beds 457

10-3-6 循环流化床中颗粒循环率的测量 457

符号说明 459

Nomenclature 459

参考文献 461

References 461

11-1 Particulate Fluidization and Characteristics of Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds 467

第11章 液固及气液固三相流态化 郑莹 祝京旭 467

11-1-1 Characteristics of particulate fluidization 467

11-1 散式流态化及液固流化操作的基本特征 467

11-1-1 散式流态化的基本特征 467

CHAPTER 11 LIQUID-SOLID PARTICULATE FLUIDIZATION AND GAS-LIQUID-SOLID THREE-PHASE FLUIDIZATION Zheng Ying and Zhu Jingxu 467

11-1-2 Minimum fluidization velocity in liquid-solid system and related correlations 468

11-1-3 Conventional liquid-solid fluidized bed and Richardson-Zaki equation 468

11-1-2 液固体系起始流化速度的关联式 468

11-1-3 传统液固流化床与Richardson-Zaki方程 468

11-2 Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Beds 469

11-2 液固循环流态化 469

11-2-1 Typical structures of liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds 470

11-2-1 液固循环流化床的基本结构 470

11-2-2 Overal flow behaviour in liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds 471

11-2-2 液固循环流化床内的总体流动行为 471

11-2-3 Flow regimes in liquid-solid fluidized systems 472

11-2-3 液固流态化体系中的流型图 472

11-2-4 从低液速向循环流态化的转变 473

11-2-4 Transition from low-Velocity to circulating fluidization 473

11-2-5 Axial flow structure 474

11-2-5 轴向流动规律 474

11-2-6 径向流动规律 476

11-2-6 Radial flow structure 476

11-2-7 微观流动规律 479

11-2-7 Micro flow structure 479

11-2-8 流动模型 480

11-2-8 Modelling 480

11-3 传统三相床的流动特性 481

11-3-1 三相流态化的分类 481

11-3 Hydrodynamics of Conventional Three-Phase Fluidized Beds 481

11-3-1 Classification of three-Phase fluidized beds 481

11-3-2 三相流态化的流动特征 483

11-3-2 Hydrodynamics of three-phase fluidized beds 483

11-3-3 Incipient fluidization and minimum fluidization velocity 484

11-3-3 起始流态化及最小流化速度 484

11-3-4 Flow behaviour of bubbles and bubble wakes 486

11-3-4 气泡及其尾涡的流动行为 486

11-3-5 从气泡聚并区到气泡分散区的转变 490

11-3-5 Transition from bubble coalescence to free bubbling flow regimes 490

11-3-6 Transition from bubble coalescence regime to high-velocity regimes 491

11-3-7 Holdups of the three phases 491

11-3-6 从气泡聚并区到高气速区的转变 491

11-3-7 三相相含率 491

11-3-8 Modelling of three-phase fluidized beds 493

11-3-8 三相床的流动模型 493

11-4 Three-phase Circulation Fluidization and High Gas Velocity Three-phase Fluidization 496

11-4-1 Three-Phase fluidized bed unedr high liquid velocity-transport bed 496

11-4 循环三相流态化及高气速三相流态化 496

11-4-1 高液速下的三相流化床——输送床 496

11-4-2 Study for three-phase behaviour under high gas velocity 497

11-4-3 Circulating three-phase fluidized beds 497

11-4-2 高气速下三相流化行为的探索 497

11-4-3 三相循环流态化 497

11-5-1 液固流化床反应器的工业应用 499

11-5-1 Industrial applications of liquid-solid fluidized bed reactors 499

11-5 Applications of Liquid-Solid and Three-Phase Fluidized Beds 499

11-5 液固流化床及三相流化床的应用 499

11-5-2 Applications of three-phase fluidized beds in the chemical industry 501

11-5-2 三相流化床在化工中的应用 501

Nomenclature 502

符号说明 502

References 504

参考文献 504

Appendix 1 List of Contributors 510

附录1 作者简介 510

Appendix 2 Key International Fluidization Laboratories 512

附录2 国内外重要流态化实验室一览表 512

Appendix 3 English Translation of Key Words in Fluidization 519

附录3 中英文流态化关键词对照表 祝京旭 519

Appendix 4 English Translation of the Names of Chinese and Japanese Fluidization Researchers 528

附录4 中日流态化学者人名对照表 祝京旭 白丁荣 528

Postscript 531

后记 531