运作管理 英文本PDF电子书下载

简明 1

Brief Contents 1

1．Operations and Productivity 1

Appendices 1

Indices 1

1．Statistical Tools for Managers 1

1．Operations and Productivity 1

附录 1

索引 1

1．Statistical Tools for Managers 1

第1章 运作管理与生产率 1

第1部分 运作管理概要 1

APPENDIX I Normal Curve Areas 2

Global Company Profile: Whirlpool 2

2．Acceptance Sampling 2

2．Acceptance Sampling 2

3．The Simplex Method of Linear Programming 3

3．The Simplex Method of Linear Programming 3

The Heritage of Operations Management 4

APPENDIX II Poisson Distribution Values 4

4．The MODI and VAM Methods of Solving Transportation Problems 4

What is Operations Management? 4

4．The MODI and VAM Methods of Solving Transportation Problems 4

APPENDIX IV Table of Random Numbers 6

Why Study OM? 6

APPENDIX III Values of e-λfor Use in the Poisson Distribution 6

What Operations Managers DO 7

APPENDIX V Using Excel OM and POM for Windows 7

Organizing to Produce Goods and Services 8

How This Book Is Organized 8

Where Are the OM Jobs? 10

Exciting New Trends in Operations Management 10

APPENDIX VI Solutions to Even-Numbered Problems 11

Operations in the Service Sector 12

Differences between Goods and Services 12

Growth of Services 14

Services Pay 14

The Productivity Challenge 15

Productivity Measurement 17

Productivity Variables 19

Productivity and the Service Sector 21

The Challenge of Social Responsibility 22

Summary 22

Key Terms 23

Solved Problems 23

Internet Exercises for Operations and Productivity 24

Discussion Questions 24

Critical Thinking Exercise 25

Problems 25

Case Study: National Air Express 27

Internet Resources 27

Bibliography 27

2．Operations Strategy for Competitive Advantage 29

第2章 运作战略与竞争优势 29

2．Operations Strategy for Competitive Advantage 29

Global Company Profile: Komatsu 30

Mission 32

Identifying Missions and Strategies 32

Strategy 33

Achieving Competitive Advantage Through Operations 34

Competing on Differentiation 34

Competing on Cost 35

Competing on Response 36

Ten Strategic OM Decisions 37

Research 40

Issues in Operations Strategy 40

Preconditions 41

Dynamics 42

Identify Critical Success Factors 43

Strategy Development and Implementation 43

Build and Staff the Organization 45

Integrate OM with Other Activities 45

Solved Problems 47

Summary 47

Key Terms 47

Internet Exercises for Operations Strategy 48

Problems 48

Discussion Questions 48

Critical Thinking Exercise 48

Case Study: Minit-Lube,Inc. 49

Case Study: Global Strategy at Motorola 49

CD-ROM Video Case 1: Strategy at Regal Marine 50

Internet Case Study 51

Bibliography 51

Internet Resources 52

3．Operations in a Global Environment 53

第3章 全球环境下的运作管理 53

3．Operations in a Global Environment 53

Global Company Profile: Boeing 54

Why Global Operations are Important 56

Achieving Global Operations 60

Global Product Design 60

Global Process Design and Technology 60

Global Facility Location Analysis 60

Impact of Culture and Ethics 63

Global Issues in Service Operations 64

Managing Global Service Operations 65

Global Operations Strategies 66

International Strategy 66

Multidomestic Strategy 67

Global Strategy 68

Transnational Strategy 68

Key Terms 69

Using Excel OM to Solve Location Problems 69

Summary 69

Using POM for Windows for Location Analysis 70

Internet Exercises for Operations in a Global Environment 70

Problems 71

Discussion Questions 71

Case Study: International Operations at General Motors 73

Internet Case Study 74

Bibliography 74

Internet Resources 74

4．Forecasting 75

第4章 需求预测 75

4．Forecasting 75

Global Company Profile: Tupperware Corporation 76

What is Forecasting? 78

Forecasting Time Horizons 78

The Influence of Product Life Cycle 79

Types of Forecasts 79

The Strategic Importance of Forecasting 79

Human Resources 80

Capacity 80

Supply-Chain Management 80

Seven Steps in the Forecasting System 80

Forecasting Approaches 81

Overview of Qualitative Methods 81

Time-Series Forecasting 82

Decomposition of a Time Series 82

Overview of Quantitative Methods 82

Naive Approach 84

Moving Averages 84

Exponential Smoothing 86

Exponential Smoothing with Trend Adjustment 90

Trend Projections 93

Seasonal Variations in Data 96

Cyclical Variations in Data 100

Associative Forecasting Methods: Regression and Correlation Analysis 101

Using Regression Analysis to Forecast 101

Standard Error of the Estimate 103

Correlation Coefficients for Regression Lines 104

Multiple-Regression Analysis 106

Monitoring and Controlling Forecasts 107

Adaptive Smoothing 109

Focus Forecasting 109

Forecasting in the Service Sector 110

Summary 110

Key Terms 112

Using Excel Spreadsheets in Forecasting 112

Using POM for Windows in Forecasting 113

Solved Problems 114

Internet Exercises for Forecasting 116

Discussion Questions 116

Critical Thinking Exercise 116

Problems 116

Data Base Application 125

Case Study : Southwestern University : （A） 126

Case Study: North-South Airline 127

Internet Case Studies 128

Bibliography 128

Internet Resources 128

5．Design of Goods and Services 129

第5章 产品与服务设计 129

5．Design of Goods and Services 129

第2部分 运作系统的设计 129

Global Company Profile: Regal Marine 130

Goods and Services Selection 132

Project Strategy Options Support Competitive Advantage 132

Generation of New Product Opportunities 133

Product Life Cycles 134

Life Cycle and Strategy 136

Product Development 137

Product Development System 137

Product-by-Value Analysis 137

Quality Function Deployment （QFD） 139

Organizing for Product Development 141

Manufacturability and Value Engineering 142

Issues for Product Design 143

Robust Design 143

Modular Design 143

Computer-Aided Design 143

Value Analysis 144

Environmentally Friendly Designs 144

Time-Based Competition 146

Purchase of Technology for Acquiring a Firm 147

Joint Ventures 148

Alliances 148

Defining the Product 149

Group Technology 151

Make-or-Buy Decisions 151

Documents for Production 152

Service Design 153

Documents for Services 156

Application of Decision Trees to Product Design 157

Transition to Production 158

Key Terms 159

Summary 159

Solved Problems 160

Internet Exercises for Design of Goods and Services 161

Discussion Questions 161

Critical Thinking Exercise 162

Problems 162

CD-ROM Video Case 2: Product Design at Regal Marine 164

Case Study: DeMar s Product Strategy 164

Bibliography 165

Internet Resources 165

6．Managing Quality 167

第6章 质量管理 167

6. Managing Quality 167

Global Company Profile :Motorola 168

Quality and Strategy 170

Defining Quality 171

Implications of Quality 172

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 172

Cost of Quality 172

International Quality Standards 173

Total Quality Management 174

Continuous Improvement 174

Employee Empowerment 175

Benchmarking 176

Just-in-Time（JIT） 177

Taguchi Concepts 178

Knowledge of TQM Tools 178

Tools of TQM 179

Scatter Diagrams 179

Check Sheets 179

Cause-and-Effect Diagram 181

Pareto Charts 182

Flow Charts 183

Histogram 183

Statistical Process Control （SPC） 183

The Role of Inspection 183

When and Where to Inspect 184

Source Inspection 185

Service Industry Inspections 186

Inspection of Attributes vs. Variables 186

TQM in Services 186

Summary 189

Key Terms 189

Internet Exercises for Managing Quality 189

Discussion Questions 189

Critical Thinking Exercise 190

Problems 190

Case Study: Southwestern University: （B） 191

Case Study: Westover Electrical, Inc. 193

CD-ROM Video Case 3: Quality at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company 195

Internet Case Studies 195

Bibliography 196

Internet Resources 196

附录：统计质量控制 197

Supplement 6: Statistical Process Control 197

Supplement 6: Statistical Process Control 197

Statistical Process Control （SPC） 198

Control Charts for Variables 200

The Central Limit Theorem 201

Setting Mean Chart Limits （x-Charts） 203

Setting Range Chart Limits （R-Charts） 205

Using Mean and Range Charts 206

Control Charts for Attribtutes 207

Managerial Issues and Control Charts 212

Process Capability 213

Acceptance Sampling 214

Operating Characteristic Curve 214

Average Outgoing Quality 216

Summary 217

Key Terms 217

Using Excel OM for SPC 217

Using POM for Windows 218

Solved Problems 218

Internet Exercises for Statistical Process Control 220

Discussion Questions 220

Problems 221

Data Base Application 225

Case Study: Bayfield Mud Company 227

Case Study: SPC at the Gazette 228

Internet Case Study 229

Bibliography 229

Internet Resources 230

7．Process Strategy and Capacity Planning 231

第7章 流程设计与能力规划 231

7. Process Strategy and Capacity Planning 231

Global Company Profile :Dell Computer Corp. 232

Four Process Strategies 234

Process Focus 235

Repetitive Focus 236

Product Focus 238

Mass Customized Focus 239

Comparison of Process Choices 241

Process Analysis and Design 243

Flow Diagrams 244

Time-Function Mapping 244

Process Charts 244

Service Blueprinting 245

Service Process Design 247

Customer Interaction and Process Design 247

More Opportunities to Improve Service Processes 248

Process Reengineering 249

Environmentally Friendly Processes 250

Selection of Equipment and Technology 251

Capacity 251

Defining Capacity 252

Forecasting Capacity Requirements 253

Applying Decision Trees to Capacity Decisions 254

Managing Demand 255

Break-Even Analysis 256

Single-Product Case 259

Multiproduct Case 260

Strategy-Driven Investments 261

Investment, Variable Cost, and Cash Flow 262

Net Present Value 262

Key Terms 262

Using Excel OM for Break-Even Analysis 262

Summary 265

Solved Problems 267

Internet Exercises for Process Strategy and Capacity Planning 268

Discussion Questions 268

Critical Thinking Exercises 269

Problems 269

Case Study: Southwestern University: （C） 274

Case Study: Capacity Planning at Shouldice Hospital 275

CD-ROM Video Case 4: Process Strategy at Wheeled Coach 277

Bibliography 277

Internet Resources 278

Supplement 7: Operations Technology, the Internet, and ERP 279

附录：运作技术、互联网与ERP 279

Supplement 7: Operations Technology, the Internet, and ERP 279

The Internet 280

Computer-Aided Design（CAD） 282

Design Technology 282

Virtual Reality Technology 283

Computer-Aided Manufacturing （CAM） 283

Standard for the Exchange of Product Data（STEP） 283

Numerical Control 284

Production Technology 284

Process Control 285

Vision Systems 285

Robots 286

Automated Storage and Retrieval System （ASRS） 286

Automated Guided Vehicle（AGV） 287

Flexible Manufacturing System （FMS） 287

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing （CIM） 287

Technology in Services 287

Information Sciences in Operations 288

Transaction Processing 289

Management Information System（MIS） 291

Artificial Intelligence 291

Enterprise Resource Planning（ERP） 292

Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP Systems 294

ERP in the Service Sector 294

Summary 295

Key Terms 295

Internet Exercises for Operations Technology, the Internet and ERP 296

Discussion Questions 296

Problems 296

Case Study: lkon s Attempt at ERP 297

Case Study: Rochester Manufacturing Corporation 298

Bibliography 298

Internet Resources 298

8．Location Strategies 299

8. Location Strategies 299

第8章 设施选址 299

Global Company Profile :Federal Express 300

The Strategic Importance of Location 302

Factors that Affect Location Decisions 303

Labor Productivity 304

Exchange Rates 306

Costs 306

Attitudes 306

Proximity to Markets 306

Proximity to Suppliers 307

Proximity to Competitors （Clustering） 307

Methods of Evaluating Location Alternatives 308

The Factor-Rating Method 308

Locational Break-Even Analysis 309

Center-of-Gravity Method 311

Transportation Model 313

Service Location Strategy 314

How Hotel Chains Select Sites 315

The Telemarketing and Internet Industries 316

Geographic Information Systems 317

Summary 317

Key Terms 318

Using Excel OM to Solve Location Problems 318

Using POM for Windows 318

Solved Problems 319

Internet Exercises for Location Strategies 321

Discussion Questions 321

Critical Thinking Exercise 321

Problems 321

Data Base Application 327

Case Study: Southwestern University: （D） 328

Case Study: Southern Recreational Vehicle Company 330

Internet Case Study 331

Bibliography 331

Internet Resources 331

9. Layout Strategy 333

9．Layout Strategy 333

第9章 设施布置 333

Global Company Profile: McDonald s 334

The Strategic Importance of Layout Decisions 336

Types of Layout 336

Fixed-Position Layout 337

Process-Oriented Layout 339

Expert Systems in Layout 345

Work Cells 345

The Focused Work Center and the Focused Factory 347

Office Layout 348

Retail Layout 350

Servicescapes 351

Cross-Docking 352

Warehousing and Storage Layouts 352

Customizing 353

Random Stocking 353

Repetitive and Product-Oriented Layout 354

Assembly Line Balancing 356

Key Terms 360

Summary 360

Using POM for Windows for Layout Design 361

Using Excel OM for Layout Calculations 361

Solved Problems 362

Internet Exercises for Layout Strategy 365

Discussion Questions 365

Critical Thinking Exercise 366

Problems 366

Case Study: DesMoines National Bank 373

Data Base Application 373

Case Study: State Automobile License Renewals 375

CD-ROM Video Case 5: Facility Layout at Wheeled Coach 376

Bibliography 377

Internet Resources 377

Internet Case Studies 377

10．Human Resources and Job Design 379

10. Human Resources and Job Design 379

第10章 人力资源管理与工作设计 379

Global Company Profile: Southwest Airlines 380

Human Resource Strategy for Competitive Advantage 382

Constraints on Human Resources Strategy 382

Labor Planning 383

Employment-Stability Policies 383

Work Schedules 384

Job Classifications and Work Rules 385

Job Design 385

Labor Specialization 385

Job Expansion 386

Psychological Components of Job Design 387

Self-Directed Teams 388

Motivation and Incentive Systems 390

Economics and Work Methods 391

The Visual Workplace 398

Labor Standards 398

Summary 399

Key Terms 400

Solved Problems 400

Internet Exercises for Human Resource and Job Designs 402

Discussion Questions 402

Critical Thinking Exercise 402

Problems 402

Case Study: The Fleet That Wanders 403

Case Study: Lincoln Electric: Incentive Pay System 404

Bibliography 405

Internet Resources 405

Supplement 10: Work Measurement 407

Supplement 10: Work Measurement 407

附录：作业测定 407

Labor Standards and Work Measurement 408

Historical Experience 409

Time Studies 409

Predetermined Time Standards 415

Work Sampling 416

Summary 419

Key Terms 419

Solved Problems 420

Internet Exercises for Work Measurement 422

Discussion Questions 422

Problems 423

Case Study: Chicago Southern Hospital 428

Internet Case Study 428

Bibliography 429

Internet Resources 429

第11章 供应链管理 431

第3部分 运作系统的运行管理 431

11．Supply-Chain Management 431

11．Supply-Chain Management 431

Global Company Profile: Volkswagen 432

The Strategic Importance of the Supple Chain 434

Global Supply-Chain Issues 435

Purchasing 436

Manufacturing Environments 437

Service Environments 437

Make-or-Buy Decisions 437

Supply-Chain Strategies 438

Many Suppliers 438

Few Suppliers 439

Vertical Integration 440

Keisetsu Networks 441

Virtual Companies 441

Vendor Evaluation 442

Vendor Development 442

Negotiations 442

Vendor Selection 442

Managing the Supply Chain 444

Internet Purchasing 446

Distribution Systems 448

Materials Management 448

Benchmarking Supple-Chain Management 449

Summary 450

Key Terms 450

Internet Exercises for Supply-Chain Management 450

Discussion Questions 450

Critical Thinking Exercise 451

Problems 451

Case Study: Factory Enterprises, Inc. 452

Case Study: Thomas Manufacturing Company 452

CD-ROM Video Case 6: Supply-Chain Management at Regal Marine 453

Internet Case Studies 454

Bibliography 454

Internet Resources 455

Supplement 11: E-commerce and Operations Management 457

附录：电子商务与运作管理 457

Supplement 11: E-commerce and Operations Management 457

Electronic Commerce 458

E-commerce Definitions 458

Security in the E-commerce Environment 459

Economics of E-Commerce 460

Product Design 460

E-Procurement 461

On-line Catalogues 461

RFQs and Bid Packaging 462

On-line Auctions 462

Inventory Tracking 463

Inventory Reduction 464

Just-in-Time Delivery for E-commerce 464

Scheduling and Logistics Improvements 465

Coordinated pickup and Delivery 465

Logistics Cost Reduction 465

Summary 466

Key Terms 466

Internet Exercises for E-commerce and Operations 466

Discussion Questions 466

Problems 466

Case Study: Cisco s E-commerce Connection 467

Bibliography 468

Internet Resources 469

第12章 库存管理 471

12．Inventory Management 471

12．Inventory Management 471

Global Company Profile: Green Gear Cycling 472

Functions of Inventory 474

Types of Inventory 474

ABC Analysis 475

Inventory Management 475

Record Accuracy 477

Cycle Counting 477

Control of Service Inventories 478

Inventory Models 479

Independent versus Dependent Demand 479

Holding, Ordering, and Setup Costs 479

Inventory Models for Independent Demand 480

The Basic Economic Order Quantity（EOQ）Model 481

Minimizing Costs 481

Reorder Points 487

Production Order Quantity Model 489

Quantity Discount Models 492

Probabilistic Models with Constant Lead Time 495

Fixed Period Systems 498

Summary 499

Key Terms 500

Using Excel OM for Inventory 500

Using POM for Windows to Solve Inventory Problems 502

Solved Problems 502

Internet Exercises for Inventory Management 503

Discussion Questions 504

Critical Thinking Exercise 504

Problems 504

Case Study: Southwestern University: （E） 510

Case Study: Mayo Medical Center 511

Case Study: Sturdivant Sound Systems 512

CD-ROM Video Case 7: Inventory Control at Wheeled Coach 513

Internet Case Studies 513

Bibliography 513

Internet Resources 514

附录：JIT系统 515

Supplement 12: Just-in-Time Systems 515

Supplement 12:Just-in-Time Systems 515

Just-in-Time Philosophy 516

Suppliers 518

Goals of JIT Partnerships 519

Concerns of Suppliers 520

JIT Layout 521

Distance Reduction 521

Increased Flexibility 521

Impact on Employees 521

Reduced Space and Inventory 522

Inventory 522

Reduce Variability 522

Reduce Inventory 523

Reduce Lot Sizes 523

Reduce Setup Costs 523

Scheduling 525

Level Schedules 525

Kanban 526

Quality 529

Employee Empowerment 529

Lean Production 529

JIT in Services 530

Summary 531

Key Terms 531

Solved Problems 531

Discussion Questions 532

Internet Exercises for Just-in-Time System 532

Problems 533

Case Study: Mutual Insurance Company of lowa 534

Internet Resources 536

Bibliography 536

第13章 综合计划 537

13．Aggregate Planning 537

13. Aggregate Planning 537

Global Company Profile: Auheuser-Busch 538

The Planning Process 540

The Nature of Aggregate Planning 541

Aggregate Planning Strategies 543

Capacity Options 544

Donand Options 545

Mixing Options to Develop a Plan 546

Graphical and Charting Methods 547

Methods for Aggregate Planning 547

Mathematical Approaches to Planning 551

Comparison of Aggregate Planning Methods 554

Aggregate Planning in Services 555

Restaurants 555

Mis?llaneous Services 555

National Chains of Small Service Firms 556

Airline Industry 556

Hotel Industry 556

Hospitals 557

Summary 558

Key Terms 558

Using Excel OM for Aggregate Planning 558

Using POM for Windows for Aggregate Planning 559

Solved Problets 559

Internet Exercises for Aggregate Planning 562

Discussion Questions 562

Critical Thinking Exercise 562

Problems 562

Data Base Application 567

Case Study: Southwestern University: （F） 568

Case Study: Andrew Carter, Inc. 569

Internet Case Study 570

Bibliography 570

Internet Resources 570

14. Material Requirements Planning （MRP） 571

第14章 物料需求计划（MRP） 571

14．Material Requirements Planning（MRP） 571

Global Company Profile: Collins Industries 572

Dependent Inventory Model Requirements 574

Master Production Schedule 575

Bills of Material 577

Acc?rate Inventory Records 580

Purchase Orders Outstanding 580

Lead Time for Each Component 580

MRP Structure 580

MRP Management 586

MRP Dynamics 586

MRP and JIT 586

第15章 作业排序 613

15．Short-Term Scheduling 613

第16章 项目管理 655

16．Project Management 655

第17章 维护管理与可靠性 697

17．Maintenance and Reliability 697

17．Maintenance and Reliability 697

Global Company Profile: NASA 698

The Strategic Importance of Maintenance and Reliability 700

Reliability 701

Improving Individual Components 701

Providing Redundancy 703

Implementing Preventive Maintenance 704

Maintenance 704

Increasing Repair Capabilities 708

Total Productive Maintenance 709

Techniques for Establishing Maintenance Policies 710

Summary 710

Key Terms 710

Using POM for Windows to Solve Reliability Problems 710

Solved Problems 711

Internet Exercises for Maintenance and Reliability 711

Discussion Questions 712

Critical Thinking Exercise 712

Problems 712

Case Study: Worldwide Chemical Company 715

Internet Case Studies 715

Bibliography 716

Internet Resources 716

第4部分 定量决策方法 717

A．决策工具 717

A. Decision-Making Tools 717

A．Decision-Making Tools 717

The Decision Process in Operations 718

Fundamentals of Decision Making 719

Decision Tables 720

Decision Making Under Uncertainty 720

Decision Making Under Risk 721

Decision Making Under Certainty 722

Decision Trees 723

Expected Value of Perfect Information（EVPI） 723

A More Complex Decision Tree 725

Summary 727

Key Terms 727

Using Excel OM for Decision Models 728

Using POM for Windows 728

Solved Problems 728

Internet Exercises for Decision-Making Tools 729

Discussion Questions 730

Problems 730

Case Study: Nigel Smythe s Heart Bypass Operation 735

Case Study: Starting Right Corporation 735

Internet Case Studies 736

Bibliography 736

B．线性规划 739

B.Linear Programming 739

B．Linear Programming 739

Requirements of a Linear Programming Problem 741

Formulating Linear Programming Problems 742

Shader Electronics Example 742

Graphical Solution to a Linear Programming Problem 743

Graphical Representation of Constraints 743

In-Profit Line Solution Method 744

Corner-Point Solution Method 747

Sensitivity Analysis 749

Solving Minimization Problems 750

Linear Programming Applications 752

Production-Mix Example 753

Diet Problem Example 754

Production Scheduling Example 754

Labor Scheduling Example 756

The Simplex Method of LP 758

Summary 758

Using Excel Spreadsheets to Solve LP Problems 759

Key Terms 759

Using POM for Windows to Solve LP Problems 760

Solved Problems 760

Internet Exercises for Linear Programming 763

Discussion Questions 764

Problems 764

Data Base Application 771

Case Study: Golding Landscaping and Plants, Inc. 772

Internet Case Studies 773

Bibliography 773

C．运输模型 775

C．Transportation Models 775

C. Transportation Models 775

Transportation Modeling 776

The Northwest-CorneR Rule 778

Developing an Initial Solution 778

The Intuitive Lowest-Cost Method 779

The Stepping-Stone Method 780

Special Issues in Modeling 784

Demand Not Equal to SupplY 784

Degeneracy 785

Key Terms 786

Summary 786

Using Excel OM to Solve Transportation Problems 787

Using POM for Windows to Solve Transportation Problems 788

Solved Problems 788

Internet Exercises for Transportation Problems 791

Discussion Questions 791

Problems 791

Data Base Application 796

Case Study: Custom Vans, Inc. 797

Internet Case Studies 799

Bibliography 799

D．排队论模型 801

D．Waiting-Line Models 801

D. Waiting-Line Models 801

Arrival Characteristics 803

Characteristics of a Waiting-Line System 803

Service Characteristics 805

Waiting-Line Characteristics 805

Measuring the Queue’s Performance 807

Queuing Costs 808

The Variety of Queuing Models 809

Model A: Single-Channel Queuing Model with Poisson Arrivals and Exponential Service Times 810

Model B: Multiple-Channel Queuing Model 813

Model C: Constant Service Time Model 814

Model D: Limited Population Model 816

Other Queuing Approaches 819

Summary 819

Using POM for Windows for Queuing 820

Key Terms 820

Using Exc？l OM for Queuing 820

Solved Problems 821

Discussion Questions 823

Internet Exercises for Waiting-Line Models 823

Problems 824

Case Study: New England Castings 828

Case Study: The Winter Park Hotel 830

Internet Case Study 831

Bibliography 831

Internet Resources 831

E．学习曲线 833

E．Learning Curves 833

E. Learning Curves 833

Learning Curves in Services and Manufacturing 835

Applying the Learning Curve 836

Logarithmic Approach 837

Arithmetic Approach 837

Learning-Curve Coefficient Approach 838

Strategic Implications of Learning Curves 840

Limitations of Learning Curves 841

Summary 841

Key Terms 841

Solved Problems 842

Using Excel OM for Learning Curves 842

Using POM for Windows for Learning Curves 842

Internet Exercises for Learning Curves 843

Discussion Questions 843

Problems 844

Case Study: SMT s Negotiation with IBM 846

Bibliography 848

F．模拟 849

F．Simulation 849

F. Simulation 849

What is Simulation? 851

Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation 851

Monte Carlo Simulation 852

Simulation of a Queuing Problem 855

Simulation and Inventory Analysis 858

The Role of Computers in Simulation 861

Summary 862

Simulation with Excel Spreadsheets 862

Key Terms 862

Solved Problems 863

Using POM for Windows for Simulation 863

Discussion Questions 865

Internet Exercises for Simulation 865

Problems 866

Case Study: Alabama Airlines 873

Bibliography 874

Internet Case Study 874