系统工程与分析PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ:Introduction to Systems 1

1 SYSTEM DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS 1

1.1 System Definitions and Elements 1

1.2 Classification of Systems 4

1.3 Science and Systems Science 7

1.4 Transition to the Systems Age 10

1.5 Technology and Technical Systems 12

PREFACE 13

CONTENTS 13

1.6 Engineering in the Systems Age 14

Questions and Problems 16

2.1 Engineering for Product Competitiveness 17

2 BRINGING SYSTEMS INTO BEING 17

2.2 System Life-Cycle Engineering 19

2.3 Systems Engineering Definitions 23

2.4 The Systems Engineering Process 24

2.5 System Design Evaluation 29

2.6 Implementing Systems Engineering 36

Questions and Problems 43

Part Ⅱ:The System Design Process 45

3 CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM DESIGN 45

3.1 Identification of Need 45

3.2 Accomplishment of Feasibility Analysis 46

3.3 Advance System Planning 47

3.4 System Requirements Analysis 48

3.5 Technical Performance Measures(TPMs) 57

3.6 Functional Analysis and Allocation 61

3.7 Synthesis,Analysis,and Evaluation 67

3.8 System Specification 69

3.9 Conceptual Design Review 71

Questions and Problems 72

4 PRELIMINARY SYSTEM DESIGN 74

4.1 Subsystem Functional Analysis 74

4.2 Requirements Allocation 80

4.3 Design Requirements(Parameters) 84

4.4 Engineering Design Technologies 86

4.5 Synthesis and Design Definition 93

4.6 System Design Reviews 94

Questions and Problems 96

5 DETAIL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 97

5.1 Detail Design Requirements 97

5.2 Integrating System Elements 99

5.3 Design Engineering Activities 104

5.4 Detail Design Aids 107

5.5 Detail Design Documentation 108

5.6 System Prototype Development 112

5.7 Detail Design Reviews 114

Questions and Problems 119

6 SYSTEM TEST AND EVALUATION 121

6.1 Requirements for Test and Evaluation 121

6.2 Categories of System/Component Testing 123

6.3 Planning for Test and Evaluation 128

6.4 Preparation for Test and Evaluation 130

6.5 Test Performance and Reporting 132

6.6 System Modification 140

Questions and Problems 140

Part Ⅲ: Systems Analysis and Design Evaluation 143

7 ALTERNATIVES AND MODELS IN DECISION MAKING 143

7.1 Alternatives in Decision Making 143

7.2 Models in Decision Making 145

7.3 Decision Evaluation Theory 149

7.4 The Decision Evaluation Matrix 153

7.5 Decisions Under Assumed Certainty 155

7.6 Decisions Under Risk 157

7.7 Decisions Under Uncertainty 160

7.8 The Decision Evaluation Display 164

Questions and Problems 166

8 MODELS FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATION 169

8.1 Interest and Interest Formulas 169

8.2 Determining Economic Equivalence 175

8.3 Evaluating a Single Alternative Under Certainty 179

8.4 Evaluating Multiple Alternatives Under Certainty 186

8.5 Evaluations Involving Multiple Criteria 190

8.6 Evaluating Multiple Alternatives with Multiple Features 192

8.7 Break-Even Economic Evaluations 195

8.8 Break-Even Analysis Under Risk 200

Questions and Problems 201

9 OPTIMIZATION IN DESIGN AND OPERATIONS 206

9.1 Classical Optimization Theory 206

9.2 Unconstrained Classical Optimization 213

9.3 Constrained Classical Optimization 231

9.4 Evaluation Involving Optimization and Multiple Criteria 236

9.5 Constrained Optimization by Linear Programming 238

9.6 Constrained Optimization by Dynamic Programming 247

Questions and Problems 256

10 QUEUING THEORY AND ANALYSIS 261

10.1 The Queuing System 261

10.2 Monte Carlo Analysis of Queuing 265

10.3 Single-Channel Queuing Models 268

10.4 Multiple-Channel Queuing Models 278

10.5 Queuing with Nonexponential Service 280

10.6 Finite Population Queuing Models 283

10.7 Repairable Equipment Population Systems 291

Questions and Problems 303

11 CONTROL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES 306

11.1 Some Control Concepts 306

11.2 Statistical Process-Control 309

11.3 Optimum Policy Control 320

11.4 Project Control with CPM and PERT 323

11.5 Total Quality Control 334

Questions and Problems 339

Part Ⅳ:Design for Operational Feasibility 345

12 DESIGN FOR RELIABILITY 345

12.1 Definition and Explanation of Reliability 345

12.2 Measures of Reliability 347

12.3 Reliability in the System Life Cycle 362

12.4 Reliability Analysis Methods 375

12.5 Design Review and Evaluation 387

12.6 Reliability Test and Evaluation 389

Questions and Problems 396

13 DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY 401

13.1 Definition and Explanation of Maintainability 401

13.2 Measures of Maintainability 402

13.3 Maintainability in the System Life Cycle 417

13.4 Maintainability Analysis Methods 424

13.5 Design Review and Evaluation 447

13.6 Maintainability Demonstration 448

Questions and Problems 454

14 DESIGN FOR USABILITY(HUMAN FACTORS) 459

14.1 Definition and Explanation of Human Factors 459

14.2 The Measures in Human Factors 474

14.3 Human Factors in the System Life Cycle 475

14.4 Human Factors Analysis Methods 478

14.5 Personnel and Training Requirements 485

14.6 Design Review and Evaluation 487

14.7 Personnel Test and Evaluation 488

Questions and Problems 488

15 DESIGN FOR SUPPORTABILITY(SERVICEABILITY) 490

15.1 Definition and Explanation of Supportability 491

15.2 The Elements of Support 492

15.3 The Measures of Supportability 495

15.4 Logistic Support in the System Life Cycle 513

15.5 Supportability Analysis(SA) 521

15.6 Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support(CALS) 528

15.7 Total Productive Maintenance(TPM) 529

15.8 Supportability Test and Evaluation 531

Questions and Problems 532

16 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY AND DISPOSABILITY 535

16.1 Introduction to Producibility and Disposability 535

16.2 Producibility and Disposability in the System Life Cycle 539

16.3 Design for Producibility 544

16.4 Modeling Manufacturing Progress 549

16.5 Design for Disposability 550

16.6 Integration of Producibility and Disposability 553

Questions and Problems 554

17.1 Introduction to Life-Cycle Costing 557

17 DESIGN FOR AFFORDABILITY(LIFE-CYCLE COST) 557

17.2 Cost Emphasis in the System Life Cycle 561

17.3 The Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Process 565

17.4 A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Process Example 567

17.5 Life-Cycle Cost Applications and Benefits 597

Questions and Problems 602

Part Ⅴ:Systems Engineering Management 609

18 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION 609

18.1 Systems Engineering Planning 610

18.2 System Engineering Management Plan(SEMP) 610

18.3 Organization for Systems Engineering 626

Questions and Problems 638

18.4 Summary 638

19 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 640

19.1 Organizational Goals and Objectives 640

19.2 Direction and Control of Program Activities 642

19.3 Program Evaluation Factors 653

19.4 Program Risk Management 657

Questions and Problems 661

Part Ⅵ: Appendices 663

APPENDIX A:ANALYSIS AND CHECKLIST METHODS 664

A.1 Functional Analysis 665

A.2 Design Review Checklists 674

B.1 Probability Concepts and Theory 678

APPENDIX B:PROBABILITY THEORY AND ANALYSIS 678

B.2 Probability Distribution Models 681

B.3 Monte Carlo Analysis 690

APPENDIX C:PROBABI LITY AND STATISTICAL TABLES 695

C.1 Random Rectangular Variates 696

C.2 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities 698

C.3 Cumulative Normal Probabilities 702

APPENDIX D:INTEREST FACTORS TABLES 704

Tables D.1 to D.8 Interest Factors for Annual Compounding 704

APPENDIX E:FINITE QUEUING TABLES 713

Table E.1 to E.3 Finite Queuing Factors 713

APPENDIX F:SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 721

F.1 Systems,Systems Theory,Systems Engineering,and Systems Analysis 722

F.2 Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering 723

F.3 Software/Computer-Aided Systems 724

F.4 Reliability,Maintainability,and Maintenance Engineering 724

F.5 Human Factors and Safety Engineering 725

F.6 Logistics and Logistics Engineering 725

F.7 Quality,Quality Engineering,and Quality Assurance 726

F.8 Production,Producibility,and Environmental Engineering 726

F.9 Operations Research,and Operations Analysis 727

F.10 Engineering Economy,Economic Analysis,and Cost Estimating 727

F.11 Management and Supporting Areas 727

INDEX 729