英语词汇学PDF电子书下载

1 English lexicology 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 The relation of lexicology to other branches of linguistics 1

1.3 Tow approaches to the study of English lexicology 4

1.4 Aims and significance of the course of English lexicology 5

1.5 Questions and tasks 6

2 The development of the English vocaabulary 9

2.1 English today 9

2.2 The Indo-European language family 10

2.3 Native words and borrowed words 11

2.4 English people and English vocabulary 14

2.5 The divisions of the history of the English language 19

2.6 The perfection of the English language 28

2.7 Questions and tasks 32

3 Word 35

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Sound and meaning 36

3.3 Sound and form 37

3.4 Lexemes,words and vocabulary 39

3.5 Classification of words 39

3.6 Word structure 41

3.7 Questions and tasks 46

4 Word-formation I 48

4.1 Introduction 48

4.2 Affixation 48

4.3 Conversion 89

4.4 Compounding 92

4.5 Questions and tasks 94

5 Word-formation II 99

5.1 Blending 99

5.2 Clipping 101

5.3 Acronymy 103

5.4 Back-formation 104

5.5 Analogy 106

5.6 Word-formation by onomatopoeia 107

5.7 Words from proper names 108

5.8 Questions and tasks 109

6.1 Some general remarks on semantics and meaning 111

6 Word meaning and motivation 111

6.2 Relationship between meaning and the object 113

6.3 Meaning and motivation 114

6.4 Main types of word meaning 116

6.5 Questions and tasks 123

7 Sense relations I 127

7.1 Introduction 127

7.2 Polysemy 129

7.3 Homonymy 134

7.4 Semantic fields 137

7.5 Componential analysis 138

7.6 Questions and tasks 140

8 Sense relations II 143

8.1 Synonymy and synonyms 143

8.2 Antonymy and antonyms 149

8.3 Hyponymy 153

8.4 Questions and tasks 154

9 English vocabulary in motion 160

9.1 Neologisms 160

9.2 Archaisms 161

9.3 Changes in meaning 162

9.4 Four tendencies in semantic change 163

9.5 Semantic change from the literal use of words to their figurative use 169

9.6 Questions and tasks 172

10 English idioms 179

10.1 Introduction 179

10.2 The significance of studying English idioms 179

10.4 The features of English idioms 180

10.3 Sources of idioms 180

10.5 English idioms in different stuyles 187

10.6 Classification of English idioms 188

10.7 Using idioms 201

10.8 Questions and tasks 204

11 Regional varieties of English vocabulary 207

11.1 British and American English 207

11.2 The historical background of American English 208

11.3 Differences between British English and American English 210

11.4 Characteristics of American English 212

11.5 Questions and tasks 213

12.1 Introduction 216

12.2 Input,storage,and retrieval 216

12 The mental lexicon 216

12.3 Prototypes 222

12.4 Meaning and cognition 223

12.5 Collocation 224

12.6 Association 227

12.7 Questions and tasks 231

13 Vocabulary in use 235

13.1 Core vocabulary 235

13.2 Procedural vocabulary 237

13.3 Discourse 237

13.4 Register 245

13.5 Questions and tasks 248

14.1 Frequency 253

14 Vocabulary as data for learning 253

14.2 Range 255

14.3 Lexical density and variation 256

14.4 Concordances 258

14.5 Questions and tasks 260

15 Teaching Vocabulary 262

15.1 Language structure and vocabulary 262

15.2 Selecting vocabulary 263

15.3 What do students need to know? 265

15.4 Teaching vocabulary 268

15.5 Examples of vocabulary teaching 271

15.6 Questions and tasks 273

Glossary 276

References 281