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PREFACE 1

PART ONE THE SENTENCE 2

Chapter I Review of Sentence Skills 2

Unit One Complete Sentences 2

Stage One Simple Sentences 2

Stage Two Avoiding Run-ons and Comma-Splices 2

Stage Three Avoiding Sentence Fragments 3

Unit Two Punctuation 5

Unit Three Spelling 6

Stage One Introduction 8

Chapter II Functions 8

Unit One Description 8

Stage Two Sentence Linking 9

Stage Three Free Writing 11

Unit Two Comparison 13

Stage One Introduction 13

Stage Two Sentence Linking 13

Stage Three Free Writing 16

Stage One Introduction 17

Unit Three Contrast 17

Stage Two Sentence Linking 18

Stage Three Free Writing 22

Unit Four Cause and Effect 24

Stage One Introduction 24

Stage Two Sentence Linking 25

Stage Three Free Writing 27

Stage One Introduction 29

Stage Two Sentence Linking 29

Unit Five Exemplification 29

Stage Three Free Writing 32

Unit Six Division and Classification 33

Stage One Introduction 33

Stage Two Sentence Linking 33

Stage Three Free Writing 35

Unit Seven Definition 36

Stage One Introduction 36

Stage Two Sentence Linking 36

Stage Three Free Writing 38

Stage One Introduction 40

Unit Eight Addition 40

Stage Two Sentence Linking 41

Stage Three Free Writing 42

PART TWO THE PARAGRAPH 45

Chapter III Basic Principles of Paragraph Writing 45

Unit One The Topic Sentences 45

1．1 Effective Topic Sentences 45

1．2 Selecting Topic Sentences 46

1．3．1 The topic sentence at the beginning 48

1．3 Positions of Topic Sentences 48

1．3．2 The topic sentence at the beginning and the end 49

1．3．3 The topic sentence at the beginning and in the middle 49

1．3．4 The topic sentence at the end 50

Unit Two Kinds of Order 53

2．1 Chronological Order（Time Order） 53

2．2 Spatial Order（Space Order） 53

2．3 Climactic Order 54

Unit Three Coordinating Your Decision to Patterns and Orders 58

4．1 Introductory Paragraph 60

Unit Four Types of Paragraphs 60

4．2 Transitional Paragraph 62

4．3 Concluding Paragraph 63

Unit Five Types of Outlines 66

5．1 Scratch Outline 66

5．2 Topic Statement 67

5．2．1 Sequence of Symbols 67

Unit Six Dravoing Conclusion 71

Stage One Review of Transitional Expressions in Process Paragraphs 76

Prelude 76

Unit One Process Description 76

Chapter IV Creating Different Patterns of Paragraph Development 76

Stage Two Organization of Paragraphs by Process Description 78

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 80

Stage Four Guided Writing 81

Stage Five Sample Paragraphs by Process Description 83

Unit Two Comparison 84

Prelude 84

Stage One Review of Transitional Expressions in Comparison Paragraphs 84

Stage Two Organization of Comparison Paragraphs 85

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 89

Stage Four Guided Writing 90

Stage Five Sample Comparison Paragraphs 93

Unit Three Contrast 94

Prelude 94

Stage One Review of Transitional Expressions in Contrast Paragraphs 94

Stage Two Organization of Contrast Paragraphs 96

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 99

Stage Four Guided Writing 100

Stage Five Sample Contrast Paragraphs 103

Stage One Organization of Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs 104

Prelude 104

Unit Four Comparison and Contrast 104

Stage Two Paragraph Outline 109

Stage Three Guided Writing 110

Stage Four Sample Passages by Comparison and Contrast 112

Unit Five Cause and Effect 114

Prelude 114

Stage One Review of Transitional Expressions in Cause and Effect Paragraphs 114

Stage Two Cause-Effect Paragraphs 116

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 122

Stage Four Guided Writing 123

Stage Five Sample Paragraphs by Cause and Effect 125

Unit Six Division and Classification 126

Prelude 126

Stage One Organization of Division and Classification Paragraphs 126

Stage Two Paragraph Outline 132

Stage Three Guided Writing 134

Stage Four Sample Paragraphs by Division and Classification 135

Prelude 137

Stage One Review of Transitional Expressions in Paragraphs 137

Unit Seven Illustration（Exemplification） 137

Stage Two Organization of Illustration Paragraphs 139

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 144

Stage Four Guided Writing 144

Stage Five Sample Illustration Paragraphs 145

Unit Eight Definition 147

Prelude 147

Stage One Review of Sentence Definitions 147

Stage Two Organization of Extended Definitions 150

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 154

Stage Four Guided Writing 155

Stage Five Sample Definition Paragraphs 156

Unit Nine Argument 158

Prelude 158

Stage One Ways to Express Arguments 158

Stage Two Organization of Argumentative Paragraphs 159

Stage Three Paragraph Outline 162

Stage Four Guided Writing 165

Stage Five Sample Argumentative Passages 167

Appendix I Various Styles of Resume 173

Appendix II Key 180

Chapter I 180

Unit One 180

Unit Two 181

Unit Three 182

Chapter II 182

Unit One 182

Unit Two 182

Unit Three 183

Unit Five 184

Unit Four 184

Unit Six 185

Unit Seven 186

Unit Eight 186

Chapter III 187

Unit One 187

Unit Two 187

Unit Four 188

Unit Five 188

Unit One 189

Unit Six 189

Chapter IV 189

Unit Two 191

Unit Three 193

Unit Four 196

Unit Five 198

Unit Six 200

Unit Seven 202

Unit Eight 205

Unit Nine 206