“论犯罪与刑罚”及其他著作PDF电子书下载

On Crimes and Punishments 1

Frontispiece 2

To the Reader 3

Introduction 7

1 The origin of punishment 9

2 The right to punish 10

3 Consequences 12

4 The interpretation of the laws 14

5 The obscurity of the laws 17

6 The proportion between crimes and punishments 19

7 Errors in the measuring of punishments 22

8 The classification of crimes 24

9 Of honour 26

10 Of duels 28

11 Public peace 29

12 The purpose of punishment 31

13 Of witnesses 32

14 Evidence and forms of judgement 34

15 Secret denunciations 37

16 Of torture 39

17 Of the exchequer 45

18 Of oaths 47

19 Of prompt punishments 48

20 Violent crimes 50

21 The punishment of the nobility 51

22 Theft 53

23 Public disgrace 54

24 Parasites 56

25 Banishment and confiscations 58

26 Family feeling 60

27 Lenience in punishing 63

28 The death penalty 66

29 Of detention awaiting trial 73

30 Trials and prescriptions 76

31 Crimes difficult to prove 79

32 Suicide 83

33 Smuggling 87

34 Of debtors 89

35 Asylums 92

36 On setting a price on men's heads 93

37 Attempted crimes,accomplices and immunity 95

38 Leading interrogations,depositions 97

39 Of a particular kind of crime 99

40 False ideas of utility 101

41 How to prevent crimes 103

42 The sciences 105

43 Magistrates 108

44 Public awards 109

45 Education 110

46 Pardons 111

47 Conclusion 113

To Jean Baptiste d'Alembert 115

To André Morellet 119

Inaugural Lecture 129

Reflections on the Barbarousness and the Civilisation of Nations and on the Savage State of Man 141

Reflections on Manners and Customs 149

On Luxury 161

Index 170