写作通 3PDF电子书下载

第一章 新的挑战 1

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 5

Reading for Ideas:"A Letter to Alex" 5

THINKING CRITICALLY Making Inferences 7

PART TWO Language for Writing 8

Describing Impressions of People,Places,and Things 8

Describing Problems 9

Asking Information Questions 9

PART THREE Systems for Writing 12

The Paragraph 12

The Topic Sentence 13

Focus on Testing:Focusing Your Paragraph 13

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 23

第二章 学习观 25

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 30

Reading for Ideas:"Where Colleges Fail Us"by Caroline Bird 30

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Information 33

PART TWO Language for Writing 35

Discussing Issues in Education 35

PART THREE Systems for Writing 38

Paragraph Unity 38

Focus on Testing:Unifying Your Paragraphs 39

Paragraph Organization 39

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 46

第三章 家庭关系 49

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 52

Reading for Ideas:"An Interview with Audrey" 52

THINKING CRITICALLY Making Comparisons 55

PART TWO Language for Writing 57

Describing People:Roles and Relationships 57

PART THREE Systems for Writing 60

From Paragraph to Essay 60

The Essay 62

Focus on Testing:Making an Outline 68

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 69

第四章 健康 71

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 76

Reading for Ideas:"Cynicism and Mistrust Tied to Early Death,"by Sandra Blakeslee 76

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Sources 78

PART TWO Language for Writing 80

Showing Causes and Effects 80

Describing Influences on Health 81

PART THREE Systems for Writing 82

The Thesis Statement 82

Focus on Testing:Answering the Question 84

Supporting Ideas 84

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 88

第五章 高科技，低科技 91

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 94

Reading for Ideas:"Small World,"by Samuel Greengard 94

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Pros and Cons 97

PART TWO Language for Writing 98

Discussing Technology 98

Using Quotations 98

Paraphrasing 100

PART THREE Systems for Writing 102

Introductions 102

Essay Development 104

Focus on Testing:Checking Your Main Idea 106

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 108

第六章 金融 111

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 114

Reading for Ideas:"Valley Visionaries:A World of Talent,"by Tom Abate 114

THINKING CRITICALLY Speculating 117

PART TWO Language for Writing 118

Discussing Success in Business 118

PART THREE Systems for Writing 120

Paragraph Coherence Through Pronouns,Key Words,and Paraphrasing 120

Conclusions 121

Focus on Testing:Avoiding Repetition 125

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 126

第七章 休闲时光 127

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 132

Reading for Ideas:"The Olympic Games" 132

THINKING CRITICALLY Distinguishing Between General and Specific 136

PART TWO Language for Writing 138

Classifying Leisure-Time Activities 138

Reviewing Countable and Uncountable Nouns 139

PART THREE Systems for Writing 142

Writing Well-Developed Paragraphs 142

Focus on Testing:Outlining Ideas 144

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 146

第八章 创造力 149

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 153

Reading for Ideas:"Defining Creativity for Everyone to See Wasn't Exactly Easy,"by Bill Moyers 153

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Metaphors 155

PART TWO Language for Writing 156

Making Comparisons 156

Describing the Creative Process 157

PART THREE Systems for Writing 158

Paragraph Coherence 158

Organizing a Comparison Paragraph 161

Focusing on Testing:Avoiding Repetition 165

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 166

第九章 人类行为 169

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 173

Reading for Ideas:"Nonverbal Behavior:Some Intricate and Diverse Dimensions in Intercultural Communication,"by Fathi Yousef 173

THINKING CRITICALLY Distinguishing Fact from Fiction 176

PART TWO Language for Writing 178

Describing Nonverbal Behavior and Cultural Values 178

PART THREE Systems for Writing 181

Paragraph Development:General to Specific Information 181

Focuson Testing:Drawing Your Ideas 183

Outlines 185

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 189

第十章 犯罪与惩罚 193

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 197

Reading for Ideas:"Raising Cain on Values:Discipline:Spare the Rod—But Crack Down,"by William Bennett 197

THINKING CRITICALLY Recognizing Probable Statements 200

PART TWO Language for Writing 203

Citing Authorities 203

Exposing Weaknesses in Opposing Arguments 204

PART THREE Systems for Writing 207

Summarizing 207

Organizing a Summary-and-Reaction Essay 210

Focus On Testing:Writing a Quick Summary and Reaction 210

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 214

第十一章 自然界 217

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 223

Reading for Ideas:"Never in Anger:Portrait of an Eskimo Family,"by Jean L.Briggs 223

THINKING CRITICALLY Building on Your Knowledge Base 228

PART TWO Language for Writing 228

Describing Environmental Conditions 228

PART THREE Systems for Writing 230

Using Sensory Details 230

Focus on Testing:Adding Specific Details 232

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 233

第十二章 共同拥有的小星球 237

PART ONE Ideas for Writing 240

Reading for Ideas:"The Lowest Animal"by Mark Twain 240

THINKING CRITICALLY Recognizing Date Clues 244

PART TWO Language for Writing 245

Discussing Intelligence 245

Writing Definitions 246

PART THREE Systems for Writing 247

Essay Organization 247

Three Essay Organization Patterns 249

Focus on Testing:Basing Your Essay on Your Thesis Statement 254

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting 255

Answers to Selected Exercises and Questions 答案 257