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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SYSTEMS 1

1.1 HISTORY OF QUALITY CONTROL 2

1.2 THE NEED FOR STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL(SQC) 3

1.2.1 Definition of Quality 4

1.2.2 Fundamental Principles of Quality 5

1.3 QUALITY THROUGH SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 5

1.3.1 Definition of a System 6

1.3.2 Systems Engineering Process 7

1.4 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND SQC 16

1.4.1 Cost 16

1.4.2 Time 17

1.4.3 Performance/Quality 18

1.4.4 Resources 18

1.5 HUMAN FACTORS AND QUALITY 19

1.4.5 Business Policy 19

1.4.6 Customer Satisfaction 19

1.6 QUALITY SYSTEMS 21

1.6.1 Deming 22

1.6.2 The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 23

1.6.3 ISO 9000 24

1.7 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 25

1.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 28

1.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

CHAPTER 2 DETAILS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SYSTEMS 31

2.1 INTRODUCTION 31

2.2 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND DEMING’S 14 POINT PROGRAM 32

2.2.2 Ways of Producing and Conducting Business 33

2.2.1 The Way of Thinking 33

2.2.3 Ways of Cultivating Employees 35

2.2.4 Ways of Organizing and Managing 36

2.3 THE MALCOLM BALDRIGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD 38

2.3.1 Evaluation System 39

2.3.2 Benefits 42

2.3.3 Qualifications 43

2.3.4 Total Quality Management 43

2.4 ISO 9000 REGISTRATION 43

2.5 COMPARISON OF THREE QUALITY CRITERIA: 46

2.6 SUMMARY 47

2.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 48

2.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 48

3.1 INTRODUCTION 51

CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING STATISTICS 51

3.2 PROCESS VARIATIONS 52

3.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF DATA 53

3.3.1 The Histogram：A Graphical Representation of the Distribution 55

3.3.2 Characteristics of Data:Mean，Variance，and Standard Deviation 56

3.4 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 63

3.4.1 Discrete Distributions 64

3.4.2 Continuous Distributions 69

3.4.3 Central Limit Theorem 75

3.4.4 Linear Operator 78

3.5 THE STUDENT T-DISTRIBUTION 80

3.6 SUMMARY 86

3.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 86

3.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 89

3.9 APPENDIX 90

CHATPER 4 STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL 93

4.1 INTRODUCTION 93

4.2 ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS CAPABILITY 94

4.3 CONTROL CHARTS 103

4.4 ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING 119

4.4.1 Conflict of Interest 120

4.4.2 Design of a Sampling Process 121

4.4.3 The Operating Characteristic Curve 122

4.5 ACCEPTANCE PLANS USING DOUBLE SAMPLING 135

4.6 DODGE-ROMIG INSPECTION SYSTEM 140

4.7.2 The AOQL Plan 141

4.7.1 The LTPD System 141

4.7 LTPD AND AOQL 141

4.7.3 Computations 142

4.7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Dodge-Romig System 146

4.8 ANSI/ASQC Z1.4-1981 CIVILIAN STANDARD 147

4.8.1 Concepts 147

4.8.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of the ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 153

4.9 SUMMARY 153

4.10 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 154

4.11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 157

4.12 APPENDIX 159

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF DATA 167

5.1 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 167

5.2 SIGNIFICANCE TESTS 171

5.3 COMPARISON OF TWO TREATMENTS 182

5.3.1 Principle of Blocking 183

5.3.2 Principle of Randomization 186

5.4 COMPARISON OF MORE THAN TWO TREATMENTS 189

5.4.1 Analysis of Variance 189

5.4.2 Latin Square Design 195

5.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 198

5.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 204

5.7 APPENDIX-FDISTRIBUTION TABLES 206

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 211

6.1 FACTORIAL DESIGN AT TWO LEVELS 211

6.2 CALCULATION OF THE MAIN AND INTERACTION EFFECTS 214

6.3 DERIVATION OF AN EMPIRICAL MODEL 219

6.4 ERROR ESTIMATIONS 221

6.4.1 Use of Replicated Runs for Error Estimation 222

6.4.2 Error Estimation from Higher-Order Interactions 224

6.5 FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN AT TWO LEVELS 233

6.5.1 Linear Combinations 234

6.5.2 General Class of 2k-p Fractional Factorial Designs 235

6.5.3 Design Generator and the Defining Relation 237

6.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 240

6.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 244

CHAPTER 7 MODEL BUILDING 247

7.1 REGRESSION 247

7.2 RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD 261

7.3 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 284

7.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 286

INDEX 288