药理学基本要点PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 WHERE TO START 1

Part Ⅰ General Principles 7

CHAPTER 2 RECEPTOR THEORY 7

Agonists 7

Efficacy and Potency 8

Therapeutic Index 9

Antagonists 10

Inverse Agonists 12

CHAPTER 3 ABSORPTION,DISTRIBUTION,AND CLEARANCE 14

First-Pass Effect 14

How Drugs Cross Membranes 15

Bioavailability 17

Total Body Clearance 18

CHAPTER 4 PHARMACOKINETICS 20

Volume of Distribution 20

First-Order Kinetics 21

Zero-Order Kinetics 24

Steady-State Concentration 25

Time Needed to Reach Steady State 27

Loading Dose 28

CHAPTER 5 DRUG METABOLISM AND RENAL ELIMINATION 30

Liver Metabolism 30

Renal Excretion 31

Part Ⅱ Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System 35

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM 35

Why Include This Material? 35

Relevant Anatomy 36

Synthesis,Storage,Release,and Removal of Transmitters 39

Receptors 40

General Rules of Innervation 42

CHAPTER 7 CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS 45

Organization of Class 45

Direct Cholinergic Agonists 47

Cholinesterase Inhibitors 48

CHAPTER 8 CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS 51

Organization of Class 51

Muscarinic Antagonists 51

Ganglionic Blockers 54

Neuromuscular Blockers 54

CHAPTER 9 ADRENERGIC AGONISTS 56

Organization of Class 56

Direct-Acting Agonists 57

Dopamine 59

Indirect-Acting Agents 59

Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine,Epinephrine,and Isoproterenol 60

CHAPTER 10 ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS 63

Organization of Class 63

Central Blockers 64

α-Blockers 64

β-Blockers 65

Mixed α-and β-Blockers 68

Part Ⅲ Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System 71

CHAPTER 11 DRUGS THAT IMPROVE CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY 71

Organization of Class 71

Cardiac Glycosides 71

Sympathomimetics 73

CHAPTER 12 ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS 74

Organization of Class 74

Diuretics 75

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme(ACE)Inhibitors 78

Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Antagonists 79

Calcium Channel Blockers 80

Nitrates 81

Other Direct Vasodilators 82

α-and β-Blockers 83

Clonidine 84

Chapter Overview 85

CHAPTER 13 DRUGS USED IN HEART FAILURE 85

Reduction of Cardiac Workload 86

Control of Excessive Fluid 86

Enhancement of Contractility 86

CHAPTER 14 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS 88

Organization of Class 88

Class Ⅰ Drugs(Sodium Channel Blockers) 89

Class Ⅱ Drugs(β-Blockers) 91

Class Ⅲ Drugs(Potassium Channel Blockers) 92

Class Ⅳ Drugs(Calcium Channel Blockers) 93

Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs 94

Drugs That Increase Heart Rate 94

CHAPTER 15 DRUGS THAT AFFECT BLOOD 96

Organization of Class 96

Antiplatelet Agents 98

Anticoagulants 99

Thrombolytic Drugs 101

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 102

Drugs Used in the Treament of Anemia 103

CHAPTER 16 LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS 104

Organization of Class 104

Additional Explanation of Mechanisms 105

Part Ⅳ Drugs That Act on the Central Nervous System 109

CHAPTER 17 ANXIOLYTIC AND HYPNOTIC DRUGS 109

Tolerance and Dependence 109

Organization of Class 110

Barbiturates 112

Benzodiazepines 113

Buspirone 116

CHAPTER 18 ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND LITHIUM 117

Organization of Class 117

Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors(SSRIs) 118

Heterocyclics 119

Monoamine Oxidase(MAO)Inhibitors 120

Other Antidepressants 121

Drugs Used in Bipolar Disorder 122

CHAPTER 19 ANTIPSYCHOTICS OR NEUROLEPTICS 123

Organization of Class 123

Typical Antipsychotics 125

Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists 126

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 127

CHAPTER 20 DRUGS USED IN PARKINSON S DISEASE 128

Organization of Class 128

Dopamine Replacement Therapy 129

Dopamine Agonist Therapy 130

Anticholinergic Therapy 131

CHAPTER 21 ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS 132

Organization of Class 132

Important Details About the Four Most Important Drugs 134

Other Drugs to Consider 135

CHAPTER 22 NARCOTICS(OPIATES) 137

Organization of Class 137

Actions of Morphine and the Other Agonists 139

Distinguishing Features of Some Agonists 140

Opioid Antagonists 141

Opioid Agonist-Antagonists 141

CHAPTER 23 GENERAL ANESTHETICS 143

Organization of Class 143

Uptake and Distribution of Inhalational Anesthetics 144

Elimination of Inhalational Anesthetics 145

Potency of General Anesthetics 146

Specific Gases and Volatile Liquids 146

Specific Intravenous Agents 147

CHAPTER 24 LOCAL ANESTHETICS 148

Organization of Class 148

Mechanism of Action 149

Special Features About Individual Agents 150

CHAPTER 25 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMOTHERAPY 153

Approach to the Antimicrobials 153

Part Ⅴ Chemotherapeutic Agents 153

General Principles of Therapy 154

Definitions 155

Important Concepts to Understand 155

Classification of Antimicrobials 158

CHAPTER 26 INHIBITORS OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS 159

General Features 159

β-Lactams 160

Penicillins 161

Cephalosporins 163

Carbapenems 164

Monobactams(Aztreonam) 164

Vacomycin 165

Bacitracin 165

Polypeptides 165

CHAPTER 27 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS 167

General Features 167

Aminoglycosides 168

Tetracyclines 170

Macrolides 171

Chloramphenicol 172

Clindamycin 173

Mechanism of Action 174

CHAPTER 28 FOLATE ANTAGONISTS 174

Selected Features 176

CHAPTER 29 QUINOLONES AND URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS 177

Drugs in This Group 177

Quinolones 178

Methenamine 179

CHAPTER 30 DRUGS USED IN TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY 180

Organization of Class 180

Isoniazid 181

Rifampin 182

Pyrazinamide 183

Ethambutol 183

Dapsone 184

CHAPTER 31 ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS 185

Organization of Class 185

Polyene Antifungals 186

Azole Antifungals 187

Terbinafine and Griseofulvin 189

CHAPTER 32 ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS 190

Organization of Class 190

Drugs Used Against Cestodes and Trematodes 191

Drugs Used Against Nematodes 191

Drugs Used Against Filaria 192

CHAPTER 33 ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 193

Organization of Class 193

Anti-HIV Drugs 194

Drugs Used in Influenza 195

Other Antivirals 196

CHAPTER 34 ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS 197

Organization of Class 197

Selected Features 198

Antimalarial Agents 198

Therapeutic Considerations 199

Special Features 200

CHAPTER 35 ANTICANCER DRUGS 201

Organization of Class 201

Terminology and General Principles of Therapy 204

Adverse Effects 206

Alkylating Agents 208

Antimetabolites 209

Antibiotics and Other Natural Products 210

Miscellaneous Agents 212

Hormonal Agents 212

Immunomodulating Agents 213

Cellular Growth Factors 213

Part Ⅵ Drugs That Affect the Endoerine System 217

CHAPTER 36 ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES 217

Organization of Class 217

Glucocorticoids 220

Mineralocorticoids 221

Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoids Synthesis 221

CHAPTER 37 SEX STEROIDS 222

Organization of Class 222

Estrogens 224

Antiestrogens 225

Progestins 226

Antiprogestins 226

Oral Contraceptives 227

Androgens 227

Antiandrogens 228

Sildenafil 229

CHAPTER 38 THYROID AND ANTITHYROID DRUGS 230

Organization of Class 230

Thyroid Replacement Therapy 231

Drugs That Are Thyroid Downers 231

CHAPTER 39 INSULIN,GLUCAGON,AND ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC DRUGS 233

Organization of Class 233

Insulins 234

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 235

Part Ⅶ Miscellaneous Drugs 239

CHAPTER 40 HISTAMINE AND ANTIHISTAMINES 239

Organization of Class 239

H1 Receptor Antagonists 240

CHAPTER 41 RESPIRATORY DRUGS 242

Organization of Class 242

Methylxanthines 243

βAgonists 243

Leukotriene Modifiers 244

Cholinergic Antagonists 244

Cromolyn 245

CHAPTER 42 DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GI TRACT 246

Organization of Class 246

Drugs That Act in the Upper GI Tract 246

Drugs That Act in the Lower GI Tract 248

CHAPTER 43 NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS 250

Organization of Class 250

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAIDs) 251

Salicylates,Including Aspirin 253

Acetaminophen 254

Gold Preparations 255

Antigout Agents 256

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Headaches 257

Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil 258

CHAPTER 44 IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES 258

Organization of Class 258

Cytotoxic Drugs 259

Monoclonal Antibodies 259

CHAPTER 45 DRUGS USED IN OSTEOPOROSIS 260

Organization of Class 260

Estrogens 261

Calcitonin 261

Bisphosphonates 261

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) 262

Other Agents 262

CHAPTER 46 TOXICOLOGY AND POISONING 263

Principles of Toxicology 263

General Principles in the Treatment of Poisoning 264

Specific Antidotes 265

Index 267