如何教授英语语法 英文本PDF电子书下载

1 IntroductionOverview 1

Basic Forms 2

On terminology 2

On being ungrammatical 2

On good English 3

Basic meanings 5

"I am more interesting in English Grammar' 6

Why can I say'I shot the sheriff'?but not'I smiled the sheriff'? 9

Linguistic distance 11

Meanings in context 12

Discussion topics and projects 16

Teaching ideas 17

Further reading 20

2 ArticlesOverview 23

Basic forms 24

An article machine 26

Basic meanings 28

Countability 29

Singular or plural? 30

Individuation 30

Conceptual structure：classifying and identifying 33

Meanings in context 38

Already given：anaphoric and cataphoric（the） 40

Clearly given（zero article） 41

A note on a new article 43

Discussion topics and projects 43

Teaching ideas 45

Further reading 51

3 Tense and aspectOverview 53

Basic forms 54

The basic structure 55

Basic meanings 57

Tense 58

Aspect 62

Lexical aspect 62

Grammatical aspect 65

Meanings in context 68

In a magazine article 68

In academic writing 69

In narratives 70

In a news report 71

In spoken discourse 72

Discussion topics and projects 72

Teaching ideas 75

Further reading 83

4 ModalsOverview 85

Basic forms 86

The simple modals 87

Basic meanings 88

Epistemic modality 88

Root modality 89

Necessary and possible 89

Meanings in context 91

The potential of can 91

The possibility of may 94

The necessity of must 97

The likelihood of will 100

The requirements of should 106

Negation and modals 108

Discussion topics and projects 111

Teaching ideas 114

Further reading 120

5 ConditionalsOverview 123

Basic forms 124

Factual conditionals 124

Predictive conditionals 124

Hypothetical conditionals 125

Counterfactual conditionals 125

Basic meanings 127

What happens if…? 127

What will happen if…? 127

What would happen if…? 128

What would have happened if…? 129

Meanings in context 132

Restating 132

Contrasting 133

Listing alternatives 134

Giving examples 135

End-weight 137

Uncertainty and politeness 139

Exceptional and concessive conditionals 142

Discussion topics and projects 145

Teachingideas 147

Further reading 152

6 Prepositions and particlesOverview 156

Basic forms 156

Prepositions 158

Basic meanings：prepositions 160

Location in space 160

Location in time 164

Location in metaphor 166

Particles 167

Basic meanings：particles 169

Up and down 170

Off,on,out,and away 172

Meanings in context 174

End-weight 176

Discussion topics and projects 178

Teaching ideas 180

Further reading 185

7 Indirect objectsOverview 187

Basicforms 188

Types ofverbs 189

Basic structures：origins and pronunciation 190

Basic meanings 192

Humans,transfer,and having 193

Transfer and not having 195

Creating,getting,and benefiting 196

Meanings in context 197

End-weight 199

Linguistic distance 200

Discussion topics and projects 201

Teaching ideas 203

Further reading 207

8 Infinitives and gerundsOverview 211

Basic forms 212

Basic meanings 214

Group 1：verbs with only finite（that…）complements 215

Group 2：verbs with only to-V non-finite complements 215

Group 3：verbs with only V-ing non-finite complements 215

Group 4：verbs with both to-V and V-ing complements 216

Meanings in context 217

Noun-like events 218

Verb-like actions 219

Denyand refuse 219

Types of verbs 221

Linguistic distance 227

Discussion topics and projects 228

Teaching ideas 231

Further reading 236

9 Relative clausesOverview 240

Basic forms 240

Subject relatives 241

Object relatives 241

After-preposition relatives 242

Possessive relatives 243

Basic structures 245

Basic meanings 250

Who,which,that 251

Where,when,why 252

Meanings in context 254

Introducing new information 254

Connecting with given information 256

End-weight 257

Discussion topics and projects 258

Teaching ideas 261

Further reading 268

10 Direct and indirect speechOverview 271

Basicforms 272

Basic meanings 274

Direct speech as drama 274

Indirect speech as narrative 275

Summarized reports 275

Reporting verbs 276

'The teachers were saying…' 276

Meanings in context 277

Free indirect discourse 280

Constructed dialogue 282

Discussion topics and projects 288

Teaching ideas 290

Further reading 295

Glossary 298

Bibliography 308

Answers to exercises 322

Index 329