合同法理论与实践 英国与欧洲大陆国家之比较PDF电子书下载

Introduction.The English legal system 1

A．Sources of law 1

The common law 1

Equity 3

Law reports 4

Statute law 5

European Community law 5

B．The English courts 5

C．Civil courts 6

Magistrates'courts 6

County courts 6

High Court 7

Queen's Bench Division 7

Chancery 8

Family Division 8

Appeals 8

Employment Appeal Tribunal 9

Court of Appeal 9

House of Lords 9

D．Criminal courts 10

Magistrates'courts 10

Crown Court 11

Court of Appeal 11

House of Lords 11

E．Other courts and tribunals 11

F．Procedure 13

Chapter 1．Intention and certainty 15

A．Intention 15

Advertisements 18

Honour clauses 19

Other informal agreements 20

B．Certainty 20

Agreements in principle 24

Conditional terms 25

Letters of intent and letters of comfort 26

Estimates and quotations 28

Arbitration clauses 28

Course of dealings;trade usages;implied terms 29

Conclusion 29

Danish law 31

Dutch law 32

French law 33

German law 34

Italian law 36

Spanish law 37

Swedish law 37

Chapter 2．Offer and acceptance 41

A．Offer 41

Duration of offer 44

Revocation of offer 44

B．Acceptance 44

Counter-offer 45

The battle of the forms 46

Communication of acceptance 49

Form of acceptance 51

Acceptance in unilateral contracts 52

Revocation of acceptance 53

Danish law 55

Dutch law 55

French law 56

German law 57

Italian law 59

Spanish law 60

Swedish law 60

Chapter 3．Consideration and estoppel 63

A．Valuable consideration 63

The basic rules 64

Consideration must not be past 64

Consideration must move from the promisee 66

Consideration must be sufficient.but need not be adequate 68

Insufficient consideration 70

Part payment in full settlement 72

B．The privity problem 74

Privity of contract;exceptions 75

The Contracts(Rights of Third Parties)Act,1999 75

Consumer guarantees 76

Insurance 77

Land 77

Carriage of goods by sea 78

Patents 78

Consumer credit 78

Housing 79

Agency 79

Assignment 79

Bankers'confirmed credits 80

Trusts 80

Quasi-contract 81

Restrictive covenants 81

C．Estoppel 82

Proprietary estoppel 85

Conclusion 86

Danish law 88

Dutch law 88

French law 89

German law 90

Italian law 91

Spanish law 92

Swedish law 93

Chapter 4．Writing and capacity 95

A．Writing 95

Parol evidence 98

B．Capacity 99

Corporations 99

Partnerships and sole traders 100

Minors 101

Mentally disturbed and drunken persons 102

Danish law 104

Dutch law 104

French law 105

German law 106

Italian law 107

Spanish law 108

Swedish law 109

Chapter 5．Express and implied terms,conditions,warranties and innominate terms 111

A．The express terms of the contract 111

Shipping contracts 112

Other international contracts of carriage 113

Entire agreement clauses 113

Quality and fitness of goods and services 114

Time clauses 115

Risk and retention of title clauses 118

Delivery,price and payment 118

Exclusion clauses 119

Force majeure and hardship clauses 119

Waiver clauses 120

Arbitration clauses 121

Alternative dispute resolution clauses 122

Penalty clauses 123

Choice of law clauses 123

Termination clauses 125

B．Implied terms 126

The test of necessity 127

C．Conditions and warranties 131

Innominate terms 133

Entire and severable contracts 137

Conclusion 138

Danish law 140

Dutch law 141

French law 142

German law 143

Italian law 145

Spanish law 146

Swedish law 147

Chapter 6．Quality,fitness and safety ofgoods and services 149

A．Contract 149

Acceptance 150

Rights and duties under the Sale of Goods Act 152

Title 153

Description 153

Business sales 155

Satisfactory quality 156

Reasonable fitness 159

Used goods 163

Durability 164

Sale by sample 164

Strict liability 164

Credit transactions 166

Hire and service contracts 167

B．Negligence 171

Materials 173

Design 173

Advice and warnings 175

Workmanship 175

C．Strict liability 176

D．Criminal law 179

Danish law 181

Dutch law 182

French law 182

German law 184

Italian law 186

Spanish law 187

Swedish law 188

Chapter 7．Exclusion clauses and other unfair contract terms 191

A．Exclusion clauses 191

Common law 192

Unfair Contract Terms Act 197

Defective goods 202

The test of reasonableness 203

Misrepresentations and entire agreement clauses 206

Further provisions 207

Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 209

Common law and statute 211

B．Other unfair contract terms 211

Danish law 216

Dutch law 216

French law 217

German law 218

Italian law 219

Spanish law 220

Swedish law 221

Chapter 8．Risk and retention of title 223

Ownership 223

Ascertained goods 224

Unascertained goods 228

Retention of title 230

Ownership and risk 236

Danish law 238

Dutch law 238

French law 239

German law 241

Italian law 242

Spanish law 243

Swedish law 243

Chapter 9．Delivery,price andpayment 245

A．Delivery 245

B．Price and payment 247

Export sales and letters of credit 252

Danish law 254

Dutch law 254

French law 255

German law 256

Italian law 256

Spanish law 257

Swedish law 258

Chapter 10．Mistake 259

A．Common law 259

Identity 265

Mistaken signature 265

B．Equity 266

C．Commonwealth and American rules 269

Danish law 271

Dutch law 271

French law 272

German law 273

Italian law 274

Spanish law 275

Swedish law 275

Chapter 11．Misrepresentation,duress and illegal contracts 277

A．Misrepresentation 277

Silence 280

Fiduciary relationships 281

Material reason 282

Remedies 283

Fraud 284

Negligence 284

Innocent misrepresentation 285

Misrepresentation and breach of contract 287

Exclusion clauses 287

B．Duress and undue influence 287

C．Illegal and void contracts 289

Contracts in restraint of trade 292

Conclusion 295

Danish law 296

Dutch law 296

French law 297

German law 298

Italian law 300

Spanish law 301

Swedish law 301

Chapter 12．Frustration 303

Contractual provision;force majeure and hardship clauses 304

Impossibility and impracticability 305

Effects of frustration 311

Danish law 313

Dutch law 313

French law 314

German 1aw 315

Italian law 316

Spanish law 316

Swedish law 317

Chapter 13．Remedies for breach of contract 319

A．Damages 319

Remoteness of damage 320

Mitigation 328

Anticipatory breach 330

Liquidated damages and penalty clauses 332

B．Repudiation 336

C．Specific performance 337

D．Injunctions 338

E．Time limits 339

Danish law 341

Dutch law 341

French law 342

German law 343

Italian law 345

Spanish law 346

Swedish law 347

Appendices 349

Appendix Ⅰ-Sections 10-20,34-36,Sale of Goods Act 1979 349

Appendix Ⅱ-Sections 1-14,26-29,Schedules 1 and 2,Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 359

Appendix Ⅲ-The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 368

Appendix Ⅳ-United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 376

Index 401