流利英语口语之路 Road to Proficient English SpeakingPDF电子书下载

PART ONE 1

Unit 1 1

1.1 Basics of Speech Analysis:Text and Context 1

1.1.1 Definitions of Text 1

1.1.2 Features of Text 2

1.2 Functions of English:Friendly Communication（1） 6

1.2.1 Greetings and Addressing 6

1.2.2 Introductions and Self-introductions 7

1.2.3 Farewells and Leave-taking 8

1.3 语音语调知识：语音 9

1.3.1 基本音素及发音 9

1.3.2 字母读音规则 10

1.3.3 辅音连缀 12

EXERCISES 15

Unit 2 19

2.1 Basics of Speech Analysis:Style and Stylistics 19

2.1.1 Style as Choice 19

2.1.2 Functional Style 21

2.1.3 The Study of Style 21

2.2 Functions of English:Friendly Communication（2） 23

2.2.1 Thanks and Gratitude 23

2.2.2 Apologies and Responses 24

2.2.3 Good Wishes and Congratulations 25

2.3 语音语调知识：词语重音 26

2.3.1 重音的三个作用 26

2.3.2 单词的重音模式 28

2.3.3 复合词的重音模式 29

EXERCISES 30

Unit 3 36

3.1 Basics of Speech Analysis:The Functional Stylistic Approach 36

3.1.1 Taxonomic Analysis 36

3.1.2 Semantic Analysis 37

3.1.3 Stylistic Analysis 38

3.1.4 Functional Analysis 38

3.2 Functions of English:Friendly Communication（3） 39

3.2.1 Invitation and Responses 39

3.2.2 Offer and Responses 40

3.2.3 Reminding 42

3.3 语音语调知识：语流中的爆破音 43

3.3.1 失去爆破：爆破音＋爆破音＝前一个爆破音失去爆破 43

3.3.2 不完全爆破：爆破音＋摩／破擦音＝前一个音不完全爆破 44

3.3.3 鼻腔爆破：爆破音＋鼻音＝爆破音转为鼻腔爆破 45

3.3.4 舌侧爆破：爆破音＋舌侧音＝爆破音通过舌侧爆破 45

EXERCISES 46

PART TWO 52

Unit 4 52

4.1 Aspects of Public Speaking:The Notion of Public Speaking 52

4.1.1 Forms of Human Communication 52

4.1.2 Definitions of Public Speaking 54

4.2 Functions of English:Information Exchange（1） 55

4.2.1 Initiating a Discourse 55

4.2.2 Maintaining a Discourse 55

4.2.3 Making a New Start 56

4.2.4 Terminating a Discourse 56

4.3 语音语调知识：句子重音 57

4.3.1 表意重音 57

4.3.2 逻辑重音 58

4.3.3 虚词的弱读式与强读式 59

EXERCISES 61

Unit 5 68

5.1 Aspects of Public Speaking:Situational Features of Public Speaking 68

5.1.1 Being a Highly Purposeful Activity 68

5.1.2 Being a Transitory Presentation 69

5.1.3 Being Directed toward a Larger Audience 69

5.1.4 Involving Direct Mutual Interactions 70

5.1.5 Occurring in Specific Settings 71

5.2 Functions of English:Information Exchange（2） 71

5.2.1 Seeking Information 71

5.2.2 Checking Understanding 72

5.2.3 Requests for Repetition 73

5.3 语音语调知识：同一意群中的连读 74

5.3.1 辅元连读：辅音＋元音 74

5.3.2 r连读：／r／音节＋元音 75

5.3.3 元音连读：元音＋元音 75

EXERCISES 76

Unit 6 83

6.1 Aspects of Public Speaking:Classification of Public Speeches 83

6.1.1 Varieties According to Preparedness 83

6.1.2 Varieties According to Subject Matter 84

6.1.3 Varieties According to Dominant Purpose 86

6.2 Functions of English:Information Exchange（3） 89

6.2.1 Hesitation 89

6.2.2 Correction 90

6.2.3 Interrupting People 91

6.3 语音语调知识：节奏 92

6.3.1 节奏的基本单位 92

6.3.2 节奏对发音的影响 92

6.3.3 句子的节奏模式 93

EXERCISES 94

PART THREE 101

Unit 7 101

7.1 The Language of Public Speaking:Public Speech as a Polished Oral Language 101

7.1.1 Formality of Public Speech 101

7.1.2 Limited Use of Normal Non-fluency 103

7.1.3 Limited Use of Very Informal Expressions 104

7.1.4 Limited Use of Very Informal Constructions 106

7.1.5 Limited Use of Very Formal Expressions 106

7.2 Functions of English:Cognitive Attitude（1） 108

7.2.1 Opinions and Viewpoints 108

7.2.2 Concealing Opinions 108

7.2.3 Changing Opinions 109

7.3 语音语调知识：停顿 110

7.3.1 停顿的作用 110

7.3.2 停顿的位置 110

7.3.3 意群的划分 111

EXERCISES 112

Unit 8 118

8.1 The Language of Public Speaking:Public Speech as a Direct Language 118

8.1.1 Directness of Public Speech 118

8.1.2 Abundant Use of Central Pronoun 119

8.1.3 Abundant Use of Active Voice 120

8.1.4 Frequent Use of Questions 120

8.1.5 Limited Use of Sentences Beginning with Introductory It 121

8.2 Functions of English:Cognitive Attitude（2） 122

8.2.1 Agreement and Disagreement 122

8.2.2 Approval and Disapproval 124

8.3 语音语调知识：语调 125

8.3.1 英语基本调型 125

8.3.2 语调基本单位 127

EXERCISES 129

Unit 9 136

9.1 The Language of Public Speaking:Public Speech as a Clear Language 136

9.1.1 Clarity of Public Speech 136

9.1.2 Abundant Use of Familiar Words 137

9.1.3 Abundant Use of Repetition and Restatement 139

9.1.4 Frequent Use of Guide Phrase or Sentence 140

9.2 Functions of English:Cognitive Attitude（3） 142

9.2.1 Belief and Disbelief 142

9.2.2 Certainty and Uncertainty 143

9.3 语音语调知识：基本语调的意义与应用 144

9.3.1 降调 144

9.3.2 升调 145

9.3.3 降升调 147

EXERCISES 148

Unit 10 155

10.1 The Language of Public Speaking:Public Speech as a Vivid Language 155

10.1.1 Frequent Use of Imagery 155

10.1.2 Frequent Use of Lexical Devices 156

10.1.3 Abundant Use of Shorter Sentence 158

10.1.4 Varied Branching of Sentences 159

10.1.5 Frequent Use of Syntactic Devices 160

10.2 Functions of English:Cognitive Attitude（4） 161

10.2.1 Possibility and Probability 161

10.2.2 Logic Prediction 162

10.3 语音语调知识:各种句式的语调 163

10.3.1 陈述句 163

10.3.2 疑问句 165

10.3.3 祈使句 166

10.3.4 感叹句 167

EXERCISES 167

PART FOUR 172

Unit 11 172

11.1 Informative Speaking:Functions of Informative Speech 172

11.1.1 Sharing Information 172

11.1.2 Shaping Perceptions 173

11.1.3 Clarifying Options 174

11.2 Functions of English:Affective Attitude（1） 175

11.2.1 Likes and Dislikes 175

11.2.2 Preference 176

11.3 Aspects of Public Speaking:Effective Delivery 177

11.3.1 Means of Vocal Expression 177

11.3.2 Means of Visual Expression 178

11.3.3 Guidelines for Effective Delivery 181

EXERCISES 182

Unit 12 188

12.1 Informative Speaking:Elements of Informative Speech 188

12.1.1 Motivation 188

12.1.2 Attention 188

12.1.3 Retention 190

12.2 Functions of English:Affective Attitude（2） 191

12.2.1 Curiosity and Indifference 191

12.2.2 Hope and Expectation 192

12.2.3 Worry and Fear 193

12.3 Informative Speech:Speech of Description 194

12.3.1 Model Speaker:John F.Kennedy 194

12.3.2 Model Speech:Inaugural Address 195

EXERCISES 199

Unit 13 202

13.1 Informative Speaking:Features of Informative Speech 202

13.1.1 Clarity 202

13.1.2 Association of New Ideas with Familiar Ones 203

13.1.3 Coherence 203

13.1.4 Motivation of the Audience 204

13.2 Functions of English:Affective Attitude（3） 204

13.2.1 Surprise and Boredom 204

13.2.2 Pleasure and Annoyance 205

13.2.3 Appreciation and Admiration 206

13.3 Informative Speech:Speech of Explanation 207

13.3.1 Model Speaker:Franklin D.Roosevelt 207

13.3.2 Model Speech:First Fireside Chat 209

EXERCISES 213

PART FIVE 217

Unit 14 217

14.1 Persuasive Speaking:Principles of Persuasion 217

14.1.1 Credibility and Attractiveness Principle 217

14.1.2 Selective Exposure and Audience Participation Principle 218

14.1.3 Inoculation and Magnitude of Change Principle 218

14.2 Functions of English:Affective Attitude（4） 220

14.2.1 Complain,Accusation and Criticism 220

14.2.2 Relief,Disappointment and Embarrassment 221

14.3 Persuasive Speech:Speech to Convince 222

14.3.1 Model Speaker:Barbara C.Jordan 222

14.3.2 Model Speech:Statement on the Articles of Impeachment 224

EXERCISES 228

Unit 15 233

15.1 Persuasive Speaking:Process of Persuasion 233

15.1.1 Reception 233

15.1.2 Orientation 234

15.1.3 Acceptance 235

15.1.4 Integration 235

15.2 Functions of English:Behavioral Attitude（1） 236

15.2.1 Ability and Inability 236

15.2.2 Willingness and Unwillingness 238

15.3 Persuasive Speech:Speech to Actuate 239

15.3.1 Model Speaker:Mary Fisher 239

15.3.2 Model Speech:A Whisper of Aids 241

EXERCISES 244

Unit 16 248

16.1 Persuasive Speaking:Detecting Fallacies in Arguments 248

16.1.1 Fallacies in Evidence 248

16.1.2 Fallacies in Reasoning 249

16.1.3 Fallacies in Language 250

16.2 Functions of English:Behavioral Attitude（2） 251

16.2.1 Intention and Determination 251

16.2.2 Permission or Allowance 252

16.3 Persuasive Speech:Speech to Stimulate 253

16.3.1 Model Speaker:Martin Luther King,Jr 254

16.3.2 Model Speech:I Have a Dream 255

EXERCISES 259

PART SIX 264

Unit 17 264

17.1 Speaking to Entertain:How to Be Interesting（1） 264

17.1.1 Not too Much at One Time 265

17.1.2 Use Humor to Create Interest 265

17.1.3 Be as Specific as Possible 266

17.2 Functions of English:Behavioral Attitude（3） 267

17.2.1 Obligation or Necessity 267

17.2.2 Advice and Suggestions 269

17.3 Entertainment Speech:Speech to Stimulate Enjoyment 271

17.3.1 Model Speaker:Ann Richards 271

17.3.2 Model Speech:1988 DNC Keynote Address 272

EXERCISES 276

Unit 18 280

18.1 Speaking to Entertain:How to Be Interesting（2） 280

18.1.1 Find a New and a Different Approach 280

18.1.2 Dramatize What You Say 281

18.1.3 Keep the Listeners Guessing 283

18.2 Functions of English:Behavioral Attitude（4） 283

18.2.1 Requests and Instructions 283

18.2.2 Persuasion and Encouragement 285

18.2.3 Warning and Threat 286

18.3 Entertainment Speech:Speech to Create Goodwill 286

18.3.1 Model Speaker:Dwight D.Eisenhower 286

18.3.2 Model Speech:Farewell Address 288

EXERCISES 293

主要参考文献 297