英语基础写作教程 学生用书PDF电子书下载

Unit 1 Diction 1

Unit Objectives 1

Part Ⅰ Levels of Words 1

Part Ⅱ The Meaning of Words 3

Part Ⅲ General and Specific Words 4

Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 5

Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 7

Unit 2 The Sentence(1):Types of Sentences 10

Unit Objectives 10

Part Ⅰ Complete Sentences 10

Part Ⅱ Simple,Compound,Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 11

Part Ⅲ Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences 13

Part Ⅳ Loose,Pe riodic,and Balanced Sentences 14

Part Ⅴ Short and Long Sentences 16

Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 17

Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 22

Unit 3 The Sentence(2):Effective Sentences 26

Unit Objectives 26

Part Ⅰ Unity 26

Part Ⅱ Coherence 27

Part Ⅲ Conciseness 29

Part Ⅳ Emphasis 30

Part Ⅴ Variety 33

Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 35

Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 37

Unit 4 The Sentence(3):Common Errors 41

Unit Objectives 41

Part Ⅰ Run-on Sentences 41

Part Ⅱ Sentence Fragments 42

Part Ⅲ Faulty Parallelism 45

Part Ⅳ Misplaced Modifiers 46

Part Ⅴ Dangling Modifiers 47

Part Ⅵ Ambiguous Pronoun Reference 48

Part Ⅶ Faulty Shift 49

Part Ⅷ In-class Activities 50

Part Ⅸ After-class Activities 53

Unit 5 The Paragraph(1):The Structure of an Effective Paragraph 58

Unit Objectives 58

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 58

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Defining the Paragraph 59

Part Ⅲ Understanding the Structure of a Well-organized Paragraph 59

Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 65

Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 68

Unit 6 The Paragraph(2):Qualities of a Good Paragraph 72

Unit Objectives 72

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 72

Part Ⅱ Understanding and Achieving Paragraph Unity 73

Part Ⅲ Understanding and Achieving Paragraph Coherence 75

Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 83

Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 89

Unit 7 The Paragraph(3):Planning a Paragraph 91

Unit Objectives 91

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 91

Part Ⅱ Understanding the Writing Process 92

Part Ⅲ Planning a Paragraph 92

Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 102

Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 105

Unit 8 Developing Paragraphs by Time 107

Unit Objectives 107

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 107

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Time 107

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 108

Part Ⅳ Sampie Writing 109

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 111

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 113

Unit 9 Developing Paragraphs by Process 114

Unit Objectives 114

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 114

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Process 114

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 115

Part Ⅳ Sampie Writing 117

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 118

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 121

Unit 10 Developing Paragraphs by Example 122

Unit Objectives 122

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 122

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Example 122

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 123

Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 125

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 127

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 129

Unit 11 Developing Paragraphs by Definition 130

Unit Objectives 130

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 130

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Definition 131

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 131

Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 133

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 136

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 137

Unit 12 Developing Paragraphs by Comparison/Contrast 138

Unit Objectives 138

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 138

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Comparison/Contrast 138

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 139

Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 142

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 144

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 146

Unit 13 Developing Paragraphs by Classification 147

Unit Objectives 147

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 147

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Classification 147

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 148

Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 150

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 152

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 154

Unit 14 Developing Paragraphs by Cause-Effect 155

Unit Objectives 155

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 155

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Cause-Effect 155

Part Ⅲ Different Kinds of Cause-Effect Relationships 156

Part Ⅳ Writing Techniques 157

Part Ⅴ Sampie Writing 158

Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 160

Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 162

Unit 15 Developing Paragraphs by Space 164

Unit Objectives 164

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 164

Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Space 164

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 165

Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 167

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 169

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 170

Unit 16 From Paragraph to Essay 171

Unit Objectives 171

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 171

Part Ⅱ Understanding the Essay 172

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 175

Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 188

Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 190

Unit 17 Narration:Developing Essays by Time 192

Unit Objectives 192

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 192

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Telling about Happenings 192

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 195

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 197

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 197

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 201

Unit 18 Exposition:Developing Essays by Process 203

Unit Objectives 203

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 203

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Describe Steps in Processes 204

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 206

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 208

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 208

Part Ⅵ Afte r-class Activities 210

Unit 19 Exposition:Developing Essays by Example/Detail 211

Unit Objectives 211

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 211

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Cite Examples or Provide Details 212

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 215

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 218

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 219

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 223

Unit 20 Exposition:Developing Essays by Definition 228

Unit Objectives 228

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 228

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Provide Definitions 229

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 231

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 234

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 234

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 237

Unit 21 Exposition:Developing Essays by Comparison/Contrast 239

Unit Objectives 239

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 239

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Show Similarities and Differences 240

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 244

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 247

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 247

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 249

Unit 22 Exposition:Developing Essays by Classification 252

Unit Objectives 252

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 252

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Classify Information 253

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 256

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 258

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 259

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 262

Unit 23 Exposition:Developing Essays by Cause-Effect 264

Unit Objectives 264

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 264

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Explain Cause-Effect Relationships 265

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 269

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 272

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 273

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 275

Unit 24 Description:Developing Essays by Space 277

Unit Objectives 277

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 277

Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Descriptive Essays That Use Concrete Sensory Details and Show Spatial Relationships 278

Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 281

Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 283

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 284

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 287

Unit 25 Argumentation 289

Unit Objectives 289

Part Ⅰ Lead-in 289

Part Ⅱ Understanding Argumentation 290

Part Ⅲ Major Strategies of Writing an Argumentative Essay 290

Part Ⅳ Sample Studies 296

Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 297

Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 300

Appendix Ⅰ Capitalization 302

Appendix Ⅱ Punctuation 303

Appendix Ⅲ Useful Tool Books 305

Appendix Ⅳ Useful Websites 306

References 307