Unit 1 Diction 1
Unit Objectives 1
Part Ⅰ Levels of Words 1
Part Ⅱ The Meaning of Words 3
Part Ⅲ General and Specific Words 4
Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 5
Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 7
Unit 2 The Sentence(1):Types of Sentences 10
Unit Objectives 10
Part Ⅰ Complete Sentences 10
Part Ⅱ Simple,Compound,Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 11
Part Ⅲ Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences 13
Part Ⅳ Loose,Pe riodic,and Balanced Sentences 14
Part Ⅴ Short and Long Sentences 16
Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 17
Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 22
Unit 3 The Sentence(2):Effective Sentences 26
Unit Objectives 26
Part Ⅰ Unity 26
Part Ⅱ Coherence 27
Part Ⅲ Conciseness 29
Part Ⅳ Emphasis 30
Part Ⅴ Variety 33
Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 35
Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 37
Unit 4 The Sentence(3):Common Errors 41
Unit Objectives 41
Part Ⅰ Run-on Sentences 41
Part Ⅱ Sentence Fragments 42
Part Ⅲ Faulty Parallelism 45
Part Ⅳ Misplaced Modifiers 46
Part Ⅴ Dangling Modifiers 47
Part Ⅵ Ambiguous Pronoun Reference 48
Part Ⅶ Faulty Shift 49
Part Ⅷ In-class Activities 50
Part Ⅸ After-class Activities 53
Unit 5 The Paragraph(1):The Structure of an Effective Paragraph 58
Unit Objectives 58
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 58
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Defining the Paragraph 59
Part Ⅲ Understanding the Structure of a Well-organized Paragraph 59
Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 65
Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 68
Unit 6 The Paragraph(2):Qualities of a Good Paragraph 72
Unit Objectives 72
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 72
Part Ⅱ Understanding and Achieving Paragraph Unity 73
Part Ⅲ Understanding and Achieving Paragraph Coherence 75
Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 83
Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 89
Unit 7 The Paragraph(3):Planning a Paragraph 91
Unit Objectives 91
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 91
Part Ⅱ Understanding the Writing Process 92
Part Ⅲ Planning a Paragraph 92
Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 102
Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 105
Unit 8 Developing Paragraphs by Time 107
Unit Objectives 107
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 107
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Time 107
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 108
Part Ⅳ Sampie Writing 109
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 111
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 113
Unit 9 Developing Paragraphs by Process 114
Unit Objectives 114
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 114
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Process 114
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 115
Part Ⅳ Sampie Writing 117
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 118
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 121
Unit 10 Developing Paragraphs by Example 122
Unit Objectives 122
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 122
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Example 122
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 123
Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 125
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 127
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 129
Unit 11 Developing Paragraphs by Definition 130
Unit Objectives 130
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 130
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Definition 131
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 131
Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 133
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 136
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 137
Unit 12 Developing Paragraphs by Comparison/Contrast 138
Unit Objectives 138
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 138
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Comparison/Contrast 138
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 139
Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 142
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 144
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 146
Unit 13 Developing Paragraphs by Classification 147
Unit Objectives 147
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 147
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Classification 147
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 148
Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 150
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 152
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 154
Unit 14 Developing Paragraphs by Cause-Effect 155
Unit Objectives 155
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 155
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Cause-Effect 155
Part Ⅲ Different Kinds of Cause-Effect Relationships 156
Part Ⅳ Writing Techniques 157
Part Ⅴ Sampie Writing 158
Part Ⅵ In-class Activities 160
Part Ⅶ After-class Activities 162
Unit 15 Developing Paragraphs by Space 164
Unit Objectives 164
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 164
Part Ⅱ Understanding Paragraphs Developed by Space 164
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 165
Part Ⅳ Sample Writing 167
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 169
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 170
Unit 16 From Paragraph to Essay 171
Unit Objectives 171
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 171
Part Ⅱ Understanding the Essay 172
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 175
Part Ⅳ In-class Activities 188
Part Ⅴ After-class Activities 190
Unit 17 Narration:Developing Essays by Time 192
Unit Objectives 192
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 192
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Telling about Happenings 192
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 195
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 197
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 197
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 201
Unit 18 Exposition:Developing Essays by Process 203
Unit Objectives 203
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 203
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Describe Steps in Processes 204
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 206
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 208
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 208
Part Ⅵ Afte r-class Activities 210
Unit 19 Exposition:Developing Essays by Example/Detail 211
Unit Objectives 211
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 211
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Cite Examples or Provide Details 212
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 215
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 218
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 219
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 223
Unit 20 Exposition:Developing Essays by Definition 228
Unit Objectives 228
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 228
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Provide Definitions 229
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 231
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 234
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 234
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 237
Unit 21 Exposition:Developing Essays by Comparison/Contrast 239
Unit Objectives 239
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 239
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Show Similarities and Differences 240
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 244
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 247
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 247
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 249
Unit 22 Exposition:Developing Essays by Classification 252
Unit Objectives 252
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 252
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Classify Information 253
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 256
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 258
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 259
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 262
Unit 23 Exposition:Developing Essays by Cause-Effect 264
Unit Objectives 264
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 264
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Essays That Explain Cause-Effect Relationships 265
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 269
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 272
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 273
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 275
Unit 24 Description:Developing Essays by Space 277
Unit Objectives 277
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 277
Part Ⅱ Sample Writing:Descriptive Essays That Use Concrete Sensory Details and Show Spatial Relationships 278
Part Ⅲ Writing Techniques 281
Part Ⅳ Transitional Devices 283
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 284
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 287
Unit 25 Argumentation 289
Unit Objectives 289
Part Ⅰ Lead-in 289
Part Ⅱ Understanding Argumentation 290
Part Ⅲ Major Strategies of Writing an Argumentative Essay 290
Part Ⅳ Sample Studies 296
Part Ⅴ In-class Activities 297
Part Ⅵ After-class Activities 300
Appendix Ⅰ Capitalization 302
Appendix Ⅱ Punctuation 303
Appendix Ⅲ Useful Tool Books 305
Appendix Ⅳ Useful Websites 306
References 307